现阶段我国公平分配问题及其实现路径研究
发布时间：2018-10-05 21:09
【摘要】：公平分配问题是一个热点问题,研究的视角很广阔。研究的视角不同给出的界定也不尽相同。本文在前人研究的基础上,把公平分配作为一个动态的过程来研究。 公平分配是人们对社会财富、社会资源分配是否合理适度的一种价值判断,是一个动态的过程,包括起点公平、过程公平、结果公平三个环节。起点公平是指每个公民都有平等地参与社会财富、社会资源分配的权利；过程公平是指对社会财富、社会资源进行分配的过程要体现公平原则,努力做到不偏不倚；结果公平是指社会财富、社会资源按一定的比例和制度均衡地分配到公民手中。本文简要梳理了马克思主义经典作家关于公平分配的理论与观点,作为课题研究的理论基础与指导。 与公平分配的三个环节相对应,现阶段我国分配领域存在的主要问题是起点不公平、过程不公平和结果不公平。起点不公平主要表现为教育资源配置不公和就业机会不均等。过程不公平主要表现为初次分配中生产要素的投入与收益不对等,企业分配的平均化与收入差距悬殊并存,非法收入和灰色收入等不正当收入存在；再分配过程中社会保障覆盖面窄,不同社会成员社会保障的差距明显,不同社会成员的税收负担不一样,不同地区财政转移支付水平不均等。结果不公平主要表现为反映居民收入差距的基尼系数较高,居民收入差距过大。 现阶段公平分配领域存在问题是由很多因素共同作用的结果,包括城乡二元结构的存在；初次分配制度不健全,初次分配中劳动报酬占的比重少；再分配中的税收、社会保障、转移支付等制度不健全；市场机制不完善；社会阶层之间非互惠互利局面的形成和社会不公代际传递等。 为实现公平分配,我们必须打破城乡二元格局；完善初次分配制度,主要是提高劳动报酬占GDP比重,完善工资正常增长机制,完善市场法规,规范收入分配秩序；完善再分配中的税收、社会保障、转移支付等制度；积极探索包括市场、政府以外主体参与的第三次分配,发挥其对前两次分配的补充作用；完善市场机制,创建公平的竞争环境；强化政府再调节力度,规范政府行为；形成社会成员之间互惠互利的利益格局,使得城乡之间、地区之间不同阶层的社会成员之间自由流动,互惠互利,实现十八大所提出的“使发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民,朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进”的目标。
[Abstract]:The issue of fair distribution is a hot issue, the perspective of research is very broad. Different perspectives of the study give different definitions. On the basis of previous studies, this paper studies fair distribution as a dynamic process. Fair distribution is a kind of value judgment on social wealth and whether social resource distribution is reasonable or not. It is a dynamic process, which includes three links: starting point fairness, process fairness and result fairness. Fairness of starting point means that every citizen has the right to participate in social wealth and social resources equally, and process fairness means that the process of distribution of social wealth and social resources should embody the principle of fairness and strive to be impartial. The result equity refers to the social wealth, the social resources are distributed evenly to the citizens according to certain proportion and system. This paper briefly combs the theories and viewpoints of Marxist classical writers on fair distribution as the theoretical basis and guidance of the research. Corresponding to the three links of fair distribution, the main problems in the field of distribution in China at present are unfair starting point, unfair process and unfair result. The unfair starting point is mainly reflected in unfair allocation of educational resources and unequal employment opportunities. The process unfairness is mainly manifested in the unequal input and income of production factors in the initial distribution, the coexistence of the average distribution of enterprises and the income gap, the existence of illegal income and gray income, etc. In the process of redistribution, the coverage of social security is narrow, the difference of social security between different social members is obvious, the tax burden of different social members is different, and the level of financial transfer payment is not equal in different regions. The results showed that the Gini coefficient which reflected the income gap was higher and the income gap was too large. At present, the problems in the field of fair distribution are the result of the joint action of many factors, including the existence of dual structure between urban and rural areas, the imperfect primary distribution system, the low proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, the tax revenue and social security in redistribution. The system of transfer payment is not perfect; the market mechanism is not perfect; the formation of non-reciprocal and mutually beneficial situation among social strata and the transmission of social injustice between generations. In order to realize fair distribution, we must break the dual pattern of urban and rural areas, perfect the primary distribution system, improve the proportion of labor reward to GDP, perfect the mechanism of normal wage growth, perfect the market regulations, and standardize the order of income distribution. To improve the taxation, social security, transfer payment and other systems in redistribution; to actively explore the third distribution, including the participation of the market and non-government entities; to give play to its supplementary role to the first two distributions; and to improve the market mechanism, To create a level playing field; to strengthen government reregulation, to regulate government behavior; to form a mutually beneficial pattern of interests among members of society, so that social members from urban and rural areas and between different strata of the region can move freely and mutually benefit. The aim of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is to make the achievements of development more equitable and beneficial to all the people and make steady progress towards the direction of common prosperity.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7
本文编号：2254875
[Abstract]:The issue of fair distribution is a hot issue, the perspective of research is very broad. Different perspectives of the study give different definitions. On the basis of previous studies, this paper studies fair distribution as a dynamic process. Fair distribution is a kind of value judgment on social wealth and whether social resource distribution is reasonable or not. It is a dynamic process, which includes three links: starting point fairness, process fairness and result fairness. Fairness of starting point means that every citizen has the right to participate in social wealth and social resources equally, and process fairness means that the process of distribution of social wealth and social resources should embody the principle of fairness and strive to be impartial. The result equity refers to the social wealth, the social resources are distributed evenly to the citizens according to certain proportion and system. This paper briefly combs the theories and viewpoints of Marxist classical writers on fair distribution as the theoretical basis and guidance of the research. Corresponding to the three links of fair distribution, the main problems in the field of distribution in China at present are unfair starting point, unfair process and unfair result. The unfair starting point is mainly reflected in unfair allocation of educational resources and unequal employment opportunities. The process unfairness is mainly manifested in the unequal input and income of production factors in the initial distribution, the coexistence of the average distribution of enterprises and the income gap, the existence of illegal income and gray income, etc. In the process of redistribution, the coverage of social security is narrow, the difference of social security between different social members is obvious, the tax burden of different social members is different, and the level of financial transfer payment is not equal in different regions. The results showed that the Gini coefficient which reflected the income gap was higher and the income gap was too large. At present, the problems in the field of fair distribution are the result of the joint action of many factors, including the existence of dual structure between urban and rural areas, the imperfect primary distribution system, the low proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, the tax revenue and social security in redistribution. The system of transfer payment is not perfect; the market mechanism is not perfect; the formation of non-reciprocal and mutually beneficial situation among social strata and the transmission of social injustice between generations. In order to realize fair distribution, we must break the dual pattern of urban and rural areas, perfect the primary distribution system, improve the proportion of labor reward to GDP, perfect the mechanism of normal wage growth, perfect the market regulations, and standardize the order of income distribution. To improve the taxation, social security, transfer payment and other systems in redistribution; to actively explore the third distribution, including the participation of the market and non-government entities; to give play to its supplementary role to the first two distributions; and to improve the market mechanism, To create a level playing field; to strengthen government reregulation, to regulate government behavior; to form a mutually beneficial pattern of interests among members of society, so that social members from urban and rural areas and between different strata of the region can move freely and mutually benefit. The aim of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is to make the achievements of development more equitable and beneficial to all the people and make steady progress towards the direction of common prosperity.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7
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2 王春光;;警惕我国贫富差距的代际传承和趋固化问题[J];中国党政干部论坛;2006年09期
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