绿色超级稻品系在越南的评价及水稻卷叶性状的QTL联合定位

发布时间：2020-10-10 12:53

　　 水稻是全球数10亿人的主粮之一,其需求还在不断增加。它在亚洲的种植面积达到1亿4千万公顷,产量6.67亿吨,占全球产量的90%以上。然而,相对于旱田作物,其产量水平的维持基于大量农资等的投入;培育绿色超级稻(GSR)是减少投入的基础上维持产量水平的重要举措。本研究内容包括两部分,一是利用GSR项目培育的回交导入系稳定材料在越南进行评价与鉴定,二是利用回交导入系(BILs)和重组自交系(RILs)遗传群体进行连锁分析、结合GSR项目收集的种质材料进行GWAS分析,定位可以用于未来GSR品种群体结构改良的水稻卷叶性状QTL,获得以下主要结果:1、从引种越南的754个GSR品系中,初步筛选获得了12个水稻苗头品系。在越南富安省的2个试验点上3个种植季节布置试验,最终获得4个最优的品系,GSR65、GSR90、Nam Uu 1245和GSR38。本研究以其中GSR65和GSR90在富安省的表现为例,二者的实际产量达到了7.98和8.17吨/公顷,分别比对照品种ML48(7.13吨/公顷)增产11.9%和14.6%。同时也设计了二者相应的栽培措施。2、一定程度向内卷曲的叶片是水稻育种家眼中的有利性状,有助于从群体水平上提高GSR品种的光合效率、水分利用效率,并通过改善微环境从而一定程度的改善抗病性。因此接下去对该性状开展了初步的遗传分析。借助262个来自籼粳杂交组合(明恢63和02428)的RILs结合BILs验证,并与用一套来自GSR项目资助的3K测序资源的联合定位分析,发现控制水稻卷叶性状的多数位点上的有利等位基因来自于3K种质资源。通过对其中一个区段(gRl4-2)加密SNP标记进行重扫描,我们将其解析为3个亚区间,其中第3个亚区间能够改变3.5%的卷叶指数(LRI),变幅在2.4%到4.1%之间;其中很可能包含一个比较重要的卷叶基因。其它的几个通过两种方法同时定位到的比较可靠的位点,包括qRl4,qRl5,qRl6,qRl7a和qRl7b等在内,将为GSR下一步的群体水平理想株型改良提供有用的参考。综上所述,本研究一方面通过对GSR项目育成的回交导入系在越南的育种评价,获得了可能在越南推广的GSR优良品系;另一方面通过对BIL验证RIL结合GSR项目种质资源的联合分析,为GSR品系选育的群体结构改良做好技术储备。
【学位单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位年份】：2018
【中图分类】：S511
【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviation
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 LITERATURE REVIEW
    1.1 DEVELOPMENT OF SUPERIOR RICE VARIETIES
    1.2 GREEN SUPER RICE (GSR) PROJECT IN CHINA AND VIETNAM
    1.3 IDEAL PLANT TYPE IN RICE AND LEAF ROLLING
        1.3.1 Ideal plant type and superior rice
        1.3.2 Relationship of leaf rolling traits with yield
        1.3.3 Phenotypic relationships and data collection for rolling leaf
        1.3.4 QTL and gene ontology (GO) in leaf rolling
        1.3.5 Leaf rolling and morphological,chemical and environmental factors
    1.4 GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AFFECTS RICE YIELD
    1.5 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STABLE QTL WITH ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS
        1.5.1 Mapping populations and QTL mapping
        1.5.2 Advanced backcross QTL strategy
        1.5.3 A genome-wide association study (GWAS)
        1.5.4 Linkage disequilibrium fine mapping
        1.5.5 Molecular marker system for genetic mapping
        1.5.6 Joint mapping and marker-trait association analysis
Chapter 2 GSR LINES EVALUATION IN VIETNAM
    2.1 OBJECTIVES
    2.2 MATERIAL FOR RESEARCH
    2.3 TRIAL METHOD
    2.4 RESULT OF GREEN SUPER RICE BREEDING ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM
Chapter 3 RESULTS OF BASIC EXPERIMENT OF GSR LINES IN PHU YEN PROVINCE
    3.1 MATERIALS
    3.2 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND RESEARCH CONTENT
    3.3 RESEARCH METHOD
    3.4 RESULT
    3.5 CONCLUSION
Chapter 4 RESULTS OF TRIALS OF TWO GSR LINES IN PHU YEN PROVINCE
    4.1 MATERIALS
    4.2 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND RESEARCH CONTENT
    4.3 RESEARCH METHOD
    4.4 RESULTS
    4.5 CONCLUSION:
Chapter 5 JOINT MAPPING AND ALLELE MINING OF THE LEAF ROLLING TRAIT
    5.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        5.1.1 Field experiments and phenotyping method
        5.1.2 Genotyping and mapping
        5.1.3 Data analysis
    5.2 RESULTS
        5.2.1 Linkage mapping of main-effect QTLs controlling the leaf rolling trait
        5.2.2 GWAS mapping of QTLs affecting the leaf rolling trait
        5.2.3 Allele mining for the leaf rolling trait
        5.2.4 Subregional analysis of g Rl4-2
    5.3 DISCUSSION
        5.3.1 QTLs underlying segregation of the leaf rolling trait in the RIL population
        5.3.2 Comparison of leaf rolling QTLs detected by GWAS with those revealed in earlier studies
Summary
    Implications for rice breeding for ideal plant type
    Implication for GSR breeding adaptation to climate change in Vietnam
REFERENCE
APPENDIX
    APPENDIX 1. THIRTY-NINE QTLS ASSOCIATED WIH LEAF ROLLING TRAITS IN GRAMME DATABASE
    APPENDIX 2: TEN QTLS ASSOCIATED WIH LEAF TRAITS IN MINGHUI 63 AND OTHER PARENTS
    APPENDIX 3. REPRESENTATIVE SNPS FOR FAVORABLE ALLELES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LEAF ROLLING INDEX (LRI, %) SIMULTANEOUSLY DETECTED BY GWAS AND LINKAGE MAPPING IN THIS STUDY OR PREVIOUS STUDIES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR


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