机械耕作引起土壤紧实对土壤特性与玉米生长发育的影响

发布时间：2021-03-30 04:26

　　土壤紧实被广泛认为是土壤退化的重要表现之一,频繁的农业机械化耕作可能是造成耕地土壤紧实的原因之一。玉米是我国第一大作物,是黄淮海地区冬小麦-夏玉米种植系统主要组成,玉米对土壤紧实相对敏感。频繁的机械化作业对该区的土壤构成了严峻的挑战。田间机械压实对作物生长的影响已见报道,表明土壤紧实是土壤-气候-作物-机械相互作用的结果。但以往的研究大多是在极端条件下,如高强度机器操作、极端田间状况下来研究这一问题,这并不能代表田间实际情况。因此,我们的研究基于传统农民田间操作,调查土壤特性和玉米生长对土壤紧实的响应。本研究共设2年田间试验（2016-2017年）,3个田间处理（CK,土壤无压实;C-2Wh,土壤机械压实两遍;C-6Wh,土壤机械压实6遍）,采用5.26Mg的轮辐进行碾压;采用随机区组设计,材料为2个玉米品种（郑单-958和先玉-335）。2016年进行土壤深松耕作（至25cm）,2017年进行浅旋耕作（至10cm）。本研究测定了0-50 cm土层的土壤参数如容重、穿透阻力、总孔隙度、渗透率、含水量和水稳定粒径分布。作物生长指标包括作物叶面积指数、植株高度、干物质积累、产量和产量构成因... 

【文章来源】：中国农业科学院北京市

【文章页数】：87 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
Abbreviations
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
    1.1 Background of the study
    1.2 Rationale for the study
    1.3 Aim and objectives
CHAPTER 2 Materials and methods
    2.1 Experiment site description
    2.2 Experiment design and management
    2.3 Traffic-induced compaction treatment setup
    2.4 Soil sampling and measurements
        2.4.1 Dry bulk density
        2.4.2 Total porosity
        2.4.3 Soil resistance to penetration
        2.4.4 Soil moisture content
        2.4.5 Water-stable aggregate size distribution
    2.5 Plant sampling and measurements
        2.5.1 Leaf area index and plant height
        2.5.2 SPAD values
        2.5.3 Aboveground dry matters
        2.5.4 Root sampling
        2.5.5 Grain yield and yield components
    2.6 Statistical analysis
CHAPTER 3 Impact of traffic-induced compaction on soil properties
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Results
        3.2.1 Dry bulk density
        3.2.2 Total porosity
        3.2.3 Soil resistance to penetration
        3.2.4 Soil moisture content
        3.2.5 Water-stable aggregate size distribution
    3.3 Discussion
    3.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Impact of traffic-induced soil compaction on summer maize growth and yield .
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Results
        4.2.1 Leaf area index
        4.2.2 Plant height
        4.2.3 Aboveground dry matters
        4.2.4 Root dry matter
        4.2.5 Root mass density
        4.2.6 Root distribution ratio
        4.2.7 SPAD value
        4.2.8 Ears number
        4.2.9 Kernels number
        4.2.10 100-grain weight
        4.2.11 Cob harvest index
        4.2.12 Shelling percentage
        4.2.13 Harvest index
        4.2.14 Grain yield
    4.3 Discussion
    4.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Conclusion and suggestions
    5.1 Conclusion
    5.2 Suggestions and shortcomings
REFERENCES
AUTHOR’S RESUME


【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Effect of subsoil tillage depth on nutrient accumulation, root distribution, and grain yield in spring maize[J]. Hongguang Cai,Wei Ma,Xiuzhi Zhang,Jieqing Ping,Xiaogong Yan,Jianzhao Liu,Jingchao Yuan,Lichun Wang,Jun Ren.  The Crop Journal. 2014(05)
[2]Root growth in response to nitrogen supply in Chinese maize hybrids released between 1973 and 2009[J]. WU QiuPing,CHEN FanJun,CHEN YanLing,YUAN LiXing,ZHANG FuSuo & MI GuoHua Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction,MOE,College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China.  Science China（Life Sciences）. 2011(07)



本文编号：3108858