试论名称所指的确定

发布时间：2018-01-08 15:18

本文关键词：试论名称所指的确定　出处：《华南师范大学》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 名称所指之确定是一个古老而常新的重要逻辑哲学话题。无论是在中国还是在西方都有悠久的研究历史，特别是现代西方对这一课题的研究逐步走向深入，，呈现出三大派别。本文力图简要回顾这一研究课题的渊源，着重评述现代西方三派理论的基本思想，并分析现代西方指称确定观的发展特征，最后提出自己的初步见解。本论文由三部分组成：第一部分：一个古老而常新的重要逻辑话题——名称所指的确定问题。名称所指的确定是名称理论的核心问题之一，它一直是逻辑哲学家和语言哲学家共同探讨的重要话题。在中国古代和近代逻辑史上，逻辑学家和哲学家们把它作为研究的重要问题，并取得了一定的研究成果。在西方，从古希腊开始，这一课题一直得到重视和研究，特别是在现代取得了丰硕的研究成果，呈现出三大派别：“摹状词论”、“历史因果论”和“语境论”。目前，人们对它的研究仍在发展延续，难以形成一致的看法。第二部分：现代西方名称所指确定观的三大流派和发展特征。现代西方所指确定观呈现出三大派别。“摹状词论”认为名称所指是由相应摹状词表达的名称涵义确定的：“历史因果论”认为名称所指的确定是由一条恰当历史因果链条完成的；“语境论”认为名称所指是由名称使用的特定语境因素确定的。这部分简要评述了这三派观点，然后从总体上提出现代西方名称所指确定观的五个方面的发展特征：在名称指称域方面实现了由现实世界向可能世界的转化；在名称指称语境方面实现了由言内语境到言外语境的重心转移；在名称的所指确定的依据方面实现了涵义确定论到实践活动确定论的变化；在名称所指确定的目标方面实现了绝对确定论到相对确定论的转变；在名称所指确定的中介方面实现了力斥心理主义到心理意向性复归的变迁。这些发展特征在某种意义上说可归结为语境观念的转化过程。第三部分：名称所指的确定是一个离不开语境的多重复合因素的互动过程。从构成名称的多种语言表达式及其确定其所指的内部差异性来看，语境因素是决定一个语言表达式能否充当名称和其指称力强弱的关键性因素。影响指称活动有多种复合因素。这部分分析了其中五种因素，即指称主体、名称赖以获得其涵义的语言背景、确定所指的语言规则、指称客体和指称活动诸环节对确定名称所指的影响。最后作者从名称的本质涵义与非本质涵义的划分、名称的词汇意义和语用意义的关系和确定名称所指的活动三个方面论证了语境是确定名称所指的关键性因素的观点。
[Abstract]:The definition of the name is an old and often new important topic of logical philosophy. Both in China and in the West, there is a long history of research, especially the modern western research on this subject is gradually going deep. This paper tries to briefly review the origin of this research topic, focus on the basic ideas of the modern western theory of the three schools, and analyze the characteristics of the development of the modern western theory of reference determination. Finally, I put forward my own preliminary opinion. This thesis consists of three parts: The first part: an old and often new important logical topic-the determination of the name refers to. The determination of the name is one of the core problems of the name theory. It has always been an important topic discussed by logical philosophers and language philosophers. In the history of logic in ancient and modern China, logicians and philosophers have taken it as an important issue. In the west, since ancient Greece, this subject has been paid attention to and studied, especially in modern times, it has made a lot of research results, showing three major schools: "description theory". "Historical causality" and "contextualism". At present, people's research on it is still developing and continuing, it is difficult to form a consistent view. The second part: the three schools and development characteristics of the deterministic view of the modern western name. There are three major schools of the modern western nominal-deterministic view. "the Theory of description" It is believed that the name refers to is determined by the meaning of the name expressed by the corresponding description: "Historical causality" holds that the determination of the name refers to by an appropriate historical causal chain; Context Theory holds that the meaning of the name is determined by the specific contextual factors used by the name. This part briefly comments on the views of these three schools of thought. Then, it puts forward the development characteristics of five aspects of the definition view of modern western names in general: the transformation from the real world to the possible world in the field of name reference; In the aspect of nominal-referential context, the emphasis is shifted from the intra-linguistic context to the foreign language context. In the name of the reference to determine the basis for the realization of the meaning of the determination of the theory of practical activities to determine the changes; Absolute certainty to relative certainty has been achieved in terms of the objectives identified by the name The transformation of the theory; the realization of psychological repulsive to psychological intentionality in terms of the medium specified by the name. In a sense, these developmental features can be attributed to the transformation of contextual concepts. Part three: the definition of the name is an interaction of multiple and complex factors which can not be separated from the context. Process. In view of the multilingual expressions that make up names and the internal differences in which they are determined, Contextual factors are the key factors determining whether a language expression can act as a name and its referential power. There are many complex factors affecting referential activities. This part analyzes five of them, namely, referential The linguistic background in which the meaning of the subject is derived, and the language rules and reference objects to which the reference is made. And the effects of referential activities on the determination of names. Finally, the author begins with the essential meaning of names and The division of non-essential meanings, the relationship between the lexical and pragmatic meanings of names and the determination of the The three aspects of activity demonstrate the view that context is the key factor in determining names.
【学位授予单位】：华南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：B812

【参考文献】