基于论证结构视角的墨子“譬”式研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 20:34

本文关键词：基于论证结构视角的墨子“譬”式研究　出处：《广西社会科学》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】："譬"的理论多为中国逻辑史所注目,其作为推理的形式或"说"的种类而被谈论,然须区分"譬"的修辞学义与逻辑学义。墨子在谈说论辩中,提出或反驳主张皆有以通过引入譬或新解譬的方式进行,故"譬"具论证说理的效用,将"譬"纳入论证结构中讨论是可行的。又,譬式论证的结构为:主张+譬喻。依《墨子》,设譬的目的是证成主张,其精心拣挑之譬即带价值取向,以墨子的价值观为规则,譬得以过渡到墨子的主张。墨子的价值观伴随着其谈说论辩的始终,证明墨子譬式论证不是一种"空架子"的逻辑。
[Abstract]:The theory of "analogy" is often noticed by Chinese logic history. It is discussed as a form of reasoning or a kind of "saying", but it is necessary to distinguish the rhetorical meaning of "analogy" from the meaning of logic. It is feasible to put forward or refute arguments by introducing analogies or new explanations, so "analogy" has the effect of argumentation, and it is feasible to bring "analogy" into the structure of argumentation. According to "Mozi", the purpose of setting up analogy is to prove the proposition, and the careful selection of the analogy is to take the value orientation, and the value of Mozi is the rule. The way of analogy can be transferred to Mozi's propositions. The value of Mozi is accompanied by his argument, which proves that the reasoning of Mozi is not a kind of "empty shelf" logic.
【作者单位】：中山大学逻辑与认知研究所;中山大学哲学系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDB013);国家社会科学基金项目(14BZX074)
【分类号】：B81-0
【正文快照】： 一、问题的提出假物取譬是先秦诸子论说的常用方式。《墨子·小取》曰:“辟也者,举他物而以明之也。”1惠施言:“夫说者,固以其所知谕其所不知,而使人知之。”[1]《荀子·非相》中荀子论及“谈说之术”时亦言“譬称以喻之”2。如此之言论多为中国逻辑史教材所引,“譬”的理论

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