论批判性思维的临界性

发布时间：2018-01-21 13:59

  本文关键词： 批判性思维 临界性 逻辑学 心理逻辑 认知科学　出处：《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2016年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：批判性思维(critical thinking)是一个英文外来词,在这个词中,critical除了具有"批判性的"的意义外,还有一个更重要的意义——"临界性的",但却被中文作者和中文文献所忽略。批判性思维的临界性首先表现为思维过程自身的临界性:一方面,人类思维具有自指性,即后起的思维可以对前行的思维进行再思维(反思),因此,人类思维可能产生自相缠绕,这是悖论产生的根源,也是思维临界性的一种表现;另一方面,人的思维过程是多维度、多通道的,演绎与非演绎,分析与综合,逻辑与心理,语言与修辞,语言与逻辑,语言与心理,这些都是思维过程的不同侧面,是不可分割的,批判性思维也是这种临界性的反映。除此之外,批判性思维还具有元思维或高阶思维的特征、具有多学科和多领域交叉的特征。批判性思维的这些特征可在语言学(语用学)、逻辑学(假言推理、三段论、溯因推理)、决策理论(博弈论、期望效用理论、前景理论、双系统加工理论)中获得证明。
[Abstract]:Critical thinking (critical thinking) is an English loanword in which the word "critical" has the meaning of "critical". There is also a more important meaning-"critical", but has been ignored by Chinese authors and Chinese literature. The criticality of critical thinking is first manifested in the criticality of the process of thinking: on the one hand. Human thinking is self-directed, that is, the later thinking can rethink the forward thinking (introspection, therefore, human thinking may produce self-winding, which is the root of the paradox. It is also a manifestation of the criticality of thinking; On the other hand, people's thinking process is multi-dimensional, multi-channel, deductive and non-deductive, analysis and synthesis, logic and psychology, language and rhetoric, language and logic, language and psychology. These are different aspects of the thinking process, are inseparable, critical thinking is also a reflection of this criticality. In addition, critical thinking also has the characteristics of meta-thinking or higher-order thinking. These characteristics of critical thinking can be found in linguistics (pragmatics, logic (hypothetical reasoning, syllogism), retroactive reasoning, and decision theory (game theory). The expected utility theory, prospect theory and double system processing theory are proved.
【作者单位】： 清华大学心理学系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金资助项目:15ZDB017
【分类号】：B812
【正文快照】： 批判性思维在当前的逻辑学、心理学和认知科学的教学与科研中,是一个非常重要的内容或领域,但不同学科对批判性思维的关注点和侧重点还是有所不同。笔者根据多年在清华大学哲学系和心理学系的逻辑教学实践,特别是根据在心理学系从事逻辑学教学的实践,谈谈逻辑学和心理学所理解，

本文编号：1451669