雷山县掌坳村村民自治调查研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 19:32

本文关键词：雷山县掌坳村村民自治调查研究　出处：《贵州民族大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从“王权止于县”到“国家权力止于乡镇”,国家权力的触角很少深入到广大农村基层社会,农村基层社会自有一套不同与国家机器的体制维持着其社会秩序,从古代的“乡绅自治”到现在的“村民自治”。作为三大基层民主之一的村民自治,经过30年的实践,形成了比较完善的自治体系。随着市场经济的冲击、小农经济的解体、城镇化的推进、就业的多样化,越来越多的村民脱离了土地的束缚,村民像“候鸟”一样在农村与城市之间返还,在熟人社会与陌生人社会之间不断转变身份。村民在农村与城市之间流动,在讲究“人情”、讲究“面子”的熟人社会与遵循冷漠的现代社会交往规则的陌生人社会的碰撞下不断塑造自己的人生观、价值观、世界观。农村原有的社会运转机制逐渐式微,国家政权推行的法治秩序尚未完全建立,在转型期的农村出现了许多问题亟待解决。本文采用田野调查法,笔者跟随导师走访了黔东南雷山县的茅坪村、新桥村、掌坳村等苗族村寨,其中以掌坳村为主要调查点。对当代苗族地区的村民自治进行调查研究,发现以血缘关系为主导的苗族村寨其传统文化得到较好的传承,其村民自治是传统与现代的结合,以党和国家的方针政策、法律法规为基础,结合村寨实际情况吸收苗族传统文化,运用到村民自治实践,为当地社会发展服务。此外,笔者还对其他地区的一些村庄进行了田野调查,以丰富田野调查资料,辅助笔者对掌坳村村民自治情况的调查研究。本文分为四个部分:第一部分是绪论,主要介绍选题缘起、选题研究意义、研究方法、调查经过、掌坳村基本情况。第二部分是掌坳村村民自治的基本情况。自然领袖——寨老参与村民自治,寨老参与确定村民委员会正式候选人、村里公益建设、基础设施建设、纠纷解决等事项;村民会议的情况,从收集的一份掌坳村村民代表民主评议会记录来分析掌坳村的“村民代表大会”;村规民约与苗族习惯法的联系,是传承苗族习惯法的途径;与苗族传统纠纷解决机制(寨老调解)一脉相承的村委会调解,从案例看村委会调解的情况;掌坳村的民主监督机制;作为雷山县“一事一议”示范村其一事一议的情况。第三部分是掌坳村村民自治的特点。由于我国地域辽阔,不同区域的农村受市场经济的冲击程度不同,社会经济发展状况不同,人文环境不同,不同地域的农村村民自治存在差异。本部分以第二部分掌坳村村民自治的基本情况为基础,以其他地区的村民自治情况为辅助,对比分析掌坳村村民自治的特点。掌坳村村民自治运作体系的特殊之处—内生权威“寨老”的参与,并发挥着重要的作用;民主程度高;村民日常生活准则—村规民约,有利于维护村寨秩序;多元的纠纷解决机制,有利于化解村民纠纷;掌坳村村民自治受习惯法影响。第四部分是对我国村民自治的启示。苗族习惯法文化与村民自治相辅相成,为习惯法的传承提供了新的途径,为建设中国特色社会主义法治和推行基层民主提供了新思路。总结掌坳村村民自治的经验,为我国村民自治制度的完善提如下意见:首先,引导自然领袖参与村寨治理;其次,根据《村民委员会组织法》,结合村寨实际,制定切实可行的村规民约;再次,增强民主监督意识,构建完善的监督体系,保障村民自治沿着法治的轨道发展;最后,建立参与主体多元的基层调解体系。
[Abstract]:From the "Royal stops in the county" to "state power only in the township", state power tentacles rarely deep into the rural grass-roots community, the rural society has a set of different countries and the machine system maintained the social order, from the ancient "gentry autonomy" to the "villager autonomy". As the villagers' autonomy one of the three major grass-roots democracy, after 30 years of practice, formed a relatively complete autonomous system. With the impact of the market economy, the disintegration of smallholder economy, urbanization, employment diversification, more and more villagers out of the shackles of the land, the villagers like "migratory birds" between rural and city return in the society of acquaintances and strangers, between the changing social identity. The villagers flow between city and countryside, in particular about the "human", and follow the acquaintance society indifferent communication in modern society pays attention to "face" The collision rules of stranger society constantly shaping their outlook on life, values, world view. The social operation mechanism of rural original state power gradually decline, implementation of the rule of law and order has not been fully established, in the transition period in the rural areas have emerged many problems to be solved. This paper uses the field investigation method, I follow the teacher visited Leishan County Qiandongnan Maoping village, Xinqiao village, Zhang ao Village Miao village, the palm Ao Cun as the main investigation. The investigation and Research on the villager autonomy of contemporary Miao area, found on the blood relationship as the leading Miao Nationality Village traditional culture better inheritance, the villager autonomy is the combination of traditional and modern and to the party and state policies, laws and regulations as the basis, combined with the actual situation of the village of Miao traditional culture to absorb, practice of villager autonomy, the service for the local social development. In addition, the author Some of the other parts of the village of fieldwork, in order to enrich the field survey data, research on palm village Au autonomy auxiliary the author. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the origin, research significance, research methods, after investigation, the basic situation of Zhang Ao Cun. The second part is the basic situation of villager autonomy. Zhang Ao natural leader, old village autonomy of villagers to participate in, the old Walled Village Committee in determining official candidates, the village public construction, infrastructure construction, dispute resolution and other matters; villagers meeting, from a collection of palm on behalf of the villagers democratic Council Ao Cun records to analyze Zhang Ao Cun "villager congress"; pacts with the customary law of Miao nationality relation, is the way of inheriting customary law of Miao nationality and Miao nationality; traditional dispute settlement mechanism (old village mediation) the same The village mediation at the village mediation cases from case; Zhang Ao Cun democratic supervision system; as Leishan county "thing" the demonstration village thing. The third part is the characteristics of Zhang Ao Cun villagers. Due to China's vast territory, different areas affected by the impact of the degree the market economy, the status of social economic development, human environment, rural villagers autonomy of different geographical differences. The basic situation of this part to the second part of the palm depression of villager autonomy is based on the autonomy of villagers in other regions to support, to compare and analyze the characteristics of palm Au Village villagers' self-government. Special places of palm Ao system operation of villager autonomy endogenous authority "old" participation, and plays an important role; the high degree of democracy; villagers' daily life standards - pacts, is conducive to safeguarding the village order; multiple disputes Settlement mechanism, is conducive to resolving disputes villagers; Zhang Ao Cun village autonomy influenced by customary law. The fourth part is on villager autonomy in our country enlightenment. Customary law of Miao nationality culture and villagers' autonomy complement each other, provides a new way for the customary law inheritance, provides new ideas for the construction of Chinese characteristic socialism rule of law and the implementation of the primary democracy. Summary of villager autonomy palm depression experience, provided the following opinions for perfecting the villager autonomy system in China: firstly, guiding the natural leaders in village governance; secondly, according to the law of Villager Committee Organization ", combined with the actual village, formulate feasible regulations; thirdly, enhance the awareness of democratic supervision, improve the supervision system construction security, the development of villager autonomy along the orbit of the rule of law; finally, the establishment of multi subject participation of grassroots mediation system.

【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D638

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