我国行政问责制的问题与完善对策

发布时间：2018-01-15 06:00

本文关键词：我国行政问责制的问题与完善对策　出处：《东北财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从“非典”以来,问责与监督不仅在制度规定中有了重大进展,在实践运用中也有了一定成效,政府问责制度基本形成。但是,接连发生的地沟油事件、三鹿奶粉中毒事件、渤海石油污染事件等,说明中国问责制在理论和实践中仍然存在很多问题。就上述的事件来看,导致严重后果的原因多大是行政人员的失职行为或滥用权力等不当行为。从深层次分析,是由于我国现阶段还没有形成常态化、规范化、法治化的问责机制。比如：法律体系不健全,制度不完善,行政问责范围界定不明确,行政问责文化缺失,行政观念落后,政府回应透明化低,再加上问责的随意性和情绪化所导致问责弹性大的现象等等,不仅使问责的作用十分有限,使问责停留在形式主义阶段,甚至影响了问责制度的严肃性和公信力,严重损害了党和政府的形象。因此,探讨行政问责制实施中存在的问题和进一步完善与推行问责制,对于加快推进行政管理体制改革以及实现建设责任政府、法治政府和服务政府的目标具有十分重要的指导意义。本文依据社会契约论、委托-代理理论和责任政府理论,运用理论分析法、文献研究法、典型个案法、比较分析法等研究方法,分析了当下我国行政问责制度的实施现状,明确了进一步完善行政问责制度的紧迫性和必要性。随后,论文通过对几个典型事例的剖析,深入分析国内行政问责制中存在的问题及产生原因。本文认为主要存在的问题涉及法律体系、行政问责范围、行政问责程序、行政问责文化、监督举报体系等几个方面。进而,论文研究了西方国家问责制度的发展经验,对其进行了总结和借鉴。并以此对我国行政问责制度的良性发展提出一系列具有针对性的对策,如完善我国行政问责框架体系、完善立法及其配套制度建设,促进行政问责范围的常态化,行政问责程序科学化,筑建我国行政问责文化和推广多元化的监督举报体系等。通过探讨行政问责体系的内部构成,理论联系实际,以切实保障政治民主为目的,提出完善行政问责制的建设性意见。社会的公平和正义如何在完善行政问责制度过程中得以体现,政府、民众、媒体等又如何从政策执行中履行自身职责,以上提及都将是本文重点研究的问题。
[Abstract]:Since SARS, accountability and supervision have not only made great progress in the regulation of the system, but also achieved certain results in practice. The accountability system of the government has basically formed. However, there has been a succession of gutter oil incidents. Sanlu milk powder poisoning incident, Bohai Sea oil pollution incident and so on, shows that there are still many problems in the theory and practice of accountability system in China. The reason for the serious consequences is the misconduct of the administrative personnel such as dereliction of duty or abuse of power. From the deep level analysis, it is because our country has not formed the normalization and standardization at the present stage. Legal accountability mechanism. For example, the legal system is not perfect, the system is not perfect, the scope of administrative accountability is not clear, the culture of administrative accountability is missing, the concept of administration is backward, and the government response is low. In addition, the randomness and emotion of accountability lead to the phenomenon of large accountability elasticity, which not only makes the function of accountability very limited, but also makes accountability stay in the formalism stage. Even affected the seriousness and credibility of the accountability system, seriously damaged the image of the party and the government. Therefore, to explore the implementation of administrative accountability system problems and further improve and implement the accountability system. It is of great significance to accelerate the reform of administrative system and to realize the goal of building responsible government, government by law and service government. Based on the theory of social contract, principal-agent theory and the theory of responsible government, this paper uses theoretical analysis, literature research, typical case law, comparative analysis and other research methods. This paper analyzes the current status of the implementation of the administrative accountability system in China, and clarifies the urgency and necessity of further improving the administrative accountability system. Subsequently, the paper analyzes several typical cases. This paper analyzes the existing problems and causes of the domestic administrative accountability system. The main problems related to the legal system, the scope of administrative accountability, administrative accountability procedures, administrative accountability culture. Then, the paper studies the development experience of accountability system in western countries. To sum up and draw lessons from, and put forward a series of targeted countermeasures to the benign development of our administrative accountability system, such as perfecting our administrative accountability framework system, improving legislation and its supporting system construction. To promote the normalization of the scope of administrative accountability, the process of administrative accountability to scientific, to build a culture of administrative accountability in China and to promote a diversified system of supervision and reporting. Through the discussion of the internal composition of the administrative accountability system. Combining theory with practice, aiming at ensuring political democracy, this paper puts forward constructive suggestions on how to perfect the administrative accountability system. How social fairness and justice can be reflected in the process of perfecting the administrative accountability system, the government and the public. Media and so on how to carry out their own duties from the implementation of policies, mentioned above will be the focus of this study.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D630.9

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