关于我国高等职业教育法制问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 10:18

本文关键词：关于我国高等职业教育法制问题研究　出处：《东北财经大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国的高等职业教育法制建设领域,由于绝大多数的法律法规都是20世纪90年代这一时期确定的,所以很多已不适应现阶段高职教育事业发展的需要。尽管《中华人民共和国教育法》、《高等教育法》、《中华人民共和国职业教育法》(以下简称《职业教育法》)的颁布标志着我国高等职业教育的基本法律原则已经确立起来,也为我国科教兴国战略的实施提供了基本的法律保障,更是职业教育能够发展壮大的保证。但是我国高等职业教育的法制建设与发达国家的高等职业教育法制建设相比还有很大的距离,法律机制还不够健全,法律体系还不完善,缺乏达到具体操作、真正有效实施的规范和配套细则。无论是法律的横向结构和纵向结构都十分单薄,其至缺失。尤其是以已经跟不上我国高等职业教育迅速发展的脚步。所以借鉴国外立法的成功经验,我国应该注重立法的针对性,并将教育法律法规的完善与时代的进步和发展紧密结合起来,坚持立法科学性的同时,克服用语空泛、原则性规定多、单纯追求法律体系在形式上或逻辑体系上的完美的弊病,突出其可操作性。本文通过介绍美国、德国、日本这三个典型国家的高等职业教育法制发展的历程以及法制化的特点,通过比较分析,提炼出其高等职业教育法制发展的特殊和普遍经验,并进一步研究这种经验对中国高等职业教育法制化的启示作用,从而改变我国高等职业教育法制化落后的情况,使之适应我国快速发展的高等职业教育领域的要求和需要,真正达到依法治教。实质上,美国的高等职业教育法制化为其职业教育的发展起到了指导性的作用,以其法制的规范和完善为主要特点,对法制教育坚持不懈的探索,相关法律法规内容的不断更新和确定,普适性和针对性并存,这都为美国高等职业教育立于世界先进地位起到了至关重要的作用,其法制化的内容和形式不但是促进高等职业教育发展的极其有力的保障,也是实行有效管理的非常重要的手段；德国确立“双元制”的职业教育模式的同时建立起了一整套系统完备的法律法规体系,德国的“双元制”是全世界探索“校企合作”模式用以借鉴的模范案例,其发展的每个阶段都伴随着重要法规的诞生或更替,法制化的发展成熟才是这种模式能够成功的法宝,这对于我国“校企合作”中存在的问题有指导性的意义和作用；日本职业教育立法有着鲜明的特点：即有完整的教育法规体系、强调以法治教,通过立法推动职业教育的发展和改革、法规灵活有度并适时修正、法律条款翔实、责任明确、罚则具体。本文认为,尽管《中华人民共和国职业教育法》已于1996年颁布实施,而当前,我国也正在贯彻《职业教育法》。它是职业教育大发展的象征和保证,也是我国职业教育的根本大法,但是却一直没能够以其为中心形成真正的法律体系,而正是由于这个原因,《职业教育法》中的法律法规和法律条文都很难在实际的教育教学工作和活动的具体开展中得到进一步的贯彻和细致全面的实施。我国职业教育发展的进程中也忽视了对保障我国职业教育顺利实施的法律环境的完善。无论是从我国法制建设的整体结构、法律体系,还是从与时俱进和具体实施措施等一系列因素来看,我国的高等职业法制化发展和完善的进程都还有很长的路要走。我国职业教育领域内部目前只有《职业教育法》这一部基本法,不但对职业教育实施过程中面临的很多问题没有给出具体的解决方法,而且对我国整个职业教育事业并没有提供具体而完整的法律体系来支撑,缺少相关的配套法规。本文分析了我国高等职业教育法制中存在的突出问题,并提出了加大职业教育立法客体的可操作性与适时修正、加强职业教育立法程序的规范与健全、提高职业教育立法主体的专业化与职业化的建议,从而推进我国高等职业教育法制的健全和完善。综观各国高等职业教育的发展史,其实更是其教育法制建设的历程。法律作为一种强制干预手段,有力地调节着各国高等职业教育事业的不断发展壮大。本论文共分为四章。第一章为绪论部分,主要包括本文的研究意义、研究目的、研究背景、本论文写作中的难点、创新点,以及论文结构安排。第二章对我国高等职业教育法制现状进行分析。第三章通过比较研究西方国家高等职业教育立法,试图探讨美、德、日三国高等职业教育法制化的成功经验及其对完善我国高等职业教育法制的启示。第四章试图提出完善我国高等职业教育法制化的具体对策。结论部分对完善我国高等职业教育法制进行展望。
[Abstract]:In China's higher occupation education legal system construction, the laws and regulations of the vast majority are determined in 1990s of this period, so many can not adapt to the requirements of the current development of higher vocational education. Although "People's Republic of China Education Law > >, < < the law of higher education, People's Republic of China occupation education law" (hereinafter referred to as the "occupation the education law >) marks the promulgation of the basic legal principles of higher occupation education in our country has been established, also provides the basic legal protection for our implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country, it is the development of occupation education can be guaranteed. But the legal construction of higher occupation education legal system construction and the developed countries of higher occupation education in our country compared to the great distance, the legal mechanism is not perfect, the legal system is not perfect, lack to the specific operation, specification and coordination to implement the Set of rules. Both the horizontal and vertical structure of legal structure is very weak, the lack. Especially in has not kept pace with the rapid development of higher occupation education in our country. So the pace of foreign successful experience in legislation, in our country should pay attention to the legislation, and will improve with the times progress and development of education law the laws and regulations closely together, adhere to the scientific legislation at the same time, overcome the language vague provisions in principle, the simple pursuit of legal system in the form or the logic system of perfect ills, highlighting its maneuverability. This paper introduces the United States, Germany, Japan, the three typical countries of the development of higher occupation the legal education course and characteristics of the legal system, through comparative analysis, to refine the higher occupation education the development of special and universal experience, and further study the experience of China Higher Vocational Education Law Inspiration system, so as to change the legal system of higher occupation education in our country backward situation, so as to adapt to the rapid development of China's higher occupation education requirements and needs, truly achieve the rule of law. In essence, the development of higher occupation education of the legal system of American occupation education plays a guiding in effect, and improve the legal norms as the main characteristics, to explore the legal education unremittingly, contents of the relevant laws and regulations constantly updated and determined, universality and pertinence coexist, which are the higher occupation education in advanced status in the world has played a crucial role in the content and form of the legal system not only to promote the development of higher occupation education is a strong guarantee, is also a very important means of effective management of the establishment of Germany; "at the same time occupation education model of dual system is established A comprehensive set of laws and regulations system, the German "dual system" is the world's exploration of "school enterprise cooperation" mode for reference example, each stage of its development is accompanied by the birth of important laws and regulations or change of development of legal system maturity is a magic weapon for this model can succeed, for this China's "school enterprise cooperation" problems is of instructive significance and effect; the Japanese occupation education legislation has distinctive features: a complete system of education regulations, emphasizing the rule of law education, through legislation to promote the development of occupation education and reform, and flexible degree and timely correction, detailed legal provisions, clear responsibility, specific penalties.
This paper argues that although the People's Republic of China occupation education law "has promulgated and implemented in 1996, at present, our country is carrying out the 'Occupation Education Act. It is a symbol and guarantee the development of occupation education, occupation is the fundamental law of education in our country, but has not been able to take it as the center to form the legal system of the real. It is for this reason that the" occupation education law > in the laws and regulations and legal provisions are very difficult to carry out specific in the actual teaching work and activities in the further implementation and full implementation.
The development of China's occupation education also neglected to improve the legal environment to ensure the smooth implementation of the occupation education in our country. Whether it is from the overall structure, the legal construction of our country's legal system, or from a series of factors to keep pace with the times and specific implementation measures and other point of view, China's higher occupation development and improvement of the process of legalization there is still a long way to go. Our internal occupation education occupation education law > < at present only the basic law, not only for the occupation education a lot of problems faced in the process did not give specific solutions, but also for China's entire occupation education does not provide support to specific and complete legal system and the lack of relevant supporting regulations. This paper analyzes the problems of higher occupation education legal system in our country, and put forward the legislative object of occupation education to increase operability and timely It is necessary to revise and strengthen the standardization and perfection of the legislation procedure of vocational education, and improve the professionalization and professionalization of legislation subjects of vocational education, so as to further improve and perfect the legal system of Higher Vocational Education in China.
Looking at the history of the higher occupation education, but also is the construction of legal education in the course of law. As a kind of compulsive means, effectively regulate the development of higher occupation education in various countries to grow. This thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, including the research significance, the research purpose of this thesis the research background, this thesis, difficulty of innovation, and the paper structure. The second chapter analyzes the legal status of higher occupation education in our country. In the third chapter, through the comparative study of higher occupation education legislation in western countries, trying to explore the beauty of Japan, Germany, the successful experience of Higher Occupation Education Legalization and to perfect the legal system the higher occupation education in China. The fourth chapter tries to put forward some concrete measures to improve the legal system of higher occupation education in our country. The conclusion of perfecting the law of higher occupation education system in our country. Look ahead.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.16

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