绿色法制备纳米木薯渣及其在橡胶复合体系的应用初探

发布时间：2018-01-19 09:52

本文关键词： 绿色法木薯渣天然橡胶羧基丁苯橡胶复合材料　出处：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：鉴于石油等不可再生资源日益匮乏,可再生资源的开发利用已成为当前材料、能源化工等领域的重要课题,本文利用绿色方法对可再生资源木薯渣进行纳米化处理,获得纳米木薯渣(NCDs)并将其应用于非极性的天然橡胶(NR)与极性的羧基丁苯橡胶(XSBR)等橡胶材料的增强,有望部分替代炭黑、白炭黑等填充剂,为木薯废渣的高值化利用提供参考。以NaOH、NaCIO和H202为助剂,采用均质、球磨和超声3种机械力相结合的绿色方法对木薯渣(CDs)进行纳米化处理,得到NCDs。分别采用低温硫化(vulcanize)法制备复合材料NCDs/NR-V和乳液共混法制备共混膜材料NCDs/NR、NCDs/XSBR。利用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)、粒径分析等表征手段对NCDs及复合材料进行微结构表征,并对复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性等进行测试。主要结论如下:(1)、加入15%H202(质量分数)作为助剂,在均质、球磨和超声3种工艺手段共同处理的条件下,CDs纳米化效果最佳,NCDs最小粒径达到30 nm,与CDs相比,不仅稳定性得到提高,而且在悬浮液中沉降速率变慢。(2)、NR体系中,NCDs/NR-V的硫化曲线及拉伸性能研究表明,NCDs的添加使橡胶体系的交联密度增加,在NR基体中添加10 phrNCDs得到的复合材料NCDs/NR-V的力学性能最佳。此外,经过硫化得到的复合材料NCDs/NR-V比共混得到的共混膜材料NCDs/NR的力学性能明显提高,NCDs/NR-V复合材料的最高拉伸强度(15.63 MPa)是共混膜材料NCDs/NR(0.76 MPa)的 20 倍。(3)、XSBR体系中,在FT-IR光谱图上并未发现新的特征吸收峰,NCDs和XSBR之间是通过物理吸附的方式相互作用增强了胶料的交联度。由SEM图片可见木薯渣纤维裸露在XSBR基体表面,NCDs均匀的分散在XSBR基体中。NCDs/XSBR共混膜材料中NCDs和XSBR未发生化学反应。综合力学性能测试与TG的结果发现:共混膜材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随着NCDs的增加先增大后减小,20 phrNCDs添加量的共混膜材料的力学性能最强、热稳定性最好。当添加量增大到30 phr,对XSBR的补强效果反而降低。
[Abstract]:In view of the increasingly scarce non-renewable resources such as petroleum, the development and utilization of renewable resources has become an important subject in the field of materials, energy and chemical industry. In this paper, the green method was used to treat cassava dregs with renewable resources. The nano-cassava dregs (NCDs) were obtained and applied to the reinforcement of non-polar natural rubber (NR) and polar carboxyl styrene-butadiene rubber (XSBR), which is expected to partially replace carbon black. The filler, such as silica, provides a reference for the high value utilization of cassava waste residue. NaOHO NaCIO and H202 are used as auxiliaries and homogenization. Three green methods, ball milling and ultrasonic mechanical force, were used to treat cassava dregs (CDS) nanocrystalline. NCDs were prepared by vulcanize-vulcanize-low temperature method, respectively, NCDs/NR-V and NCDs/NR were prepared by emulsion blending method and low temperature vulcanize method, respectively. NCDs / XSBR. FT-IRT, AFM, SEM, TGA). Particle size analysis was used to characterize the microstructure of NCDs and composites, and the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites were tested. The main conclusions are as follows: 1). Adding 15H 2022 (mass fraction) as auxiliary agent, under the condition of homogenization, ball milling and ultrasonic treatment, CDs nanocrystalline effect is the best. Compared with CDs, the minimum particle size of NCDs is 30 nm, which not only improves the stability, but also increases the sedimentation rate in suspension. The vulcanization curves and tensile properties of NCDs/NR-V showed that the crosslinking density of rubber increased with the addition of NCDs/NR-V. The mechanical properties of the composite NCDs/NR-V obtained by adding 10 phrNCDs to NR matrix were the best. The mechanical properties of the cured composite NCDs/NR-V were significantly improved than that of the blend membrane NCDs/NR. The maximum tensile strength of NCDs/NR-V composite is 15.63 MPA), which is 20 times higher than that of NCDs/NR(0.76 / MPA. In the XSBR system, no new characteristic absorption peaks were found in the FT-IR spectra. The degree of crosslinking between NCDs and XSBR was enhanced by physical adsorption. Cassava residue fibers were exposed on the surface of XSBR matrix by SEM images. There was no chemical reaction between NCDs and XSBR dispersed uniformly in XSBR matrix. NCDs / XSBR blend membrane material. The results of mechanical properties test and TG showed that: 1. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the blend film increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of NCDs. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the blend films with 20 phrNCDs addition amount were the strongest and the thermal stability was the best. When the addition amount was increased to 30phr3, the reinforcing effect on XSBR decreased.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB383.1;TB33

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