公民社会视野下我国民主政治建设路径探析

发布时间：2018-01-22 10:20

本文关键词： 民主公民社会当代中国民主政治　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着改革开放的不断深入,政府职能的日益转变,中国逐渐走出国家全能主义的误区。面临社会阶层的分化和群体利益的多元化,相对独立的个人和社会力量日渐活跃,涌现出大量的民间组织,一个相对独立的公民社会雏形开始日益显现。公民社会作为西方一个古老而又常新的词汇,其涵义随着时代的发展也发生着不断的变化。具体到中国特殊国情条件下,公民社会这个舶来品的涵义还存在着诸多争论。但公民社会在民主进程中的推动作用却取得的学术界的一致认同。无论是托克维尔、哈贝马斯,还是米歇克·麦克莱蒂、迈克尔·伯恩哈德等人,抑或是马克思都一致认为公民社会在民主政治发展中起着重大的作用。他们无一例外的指出了公民社会是民主政治的社会基础,而民主政治同样也是公民杜会的本质要求。具体来说,公民社会是建构民主政治的基础和动力、公民社会为实现有序的民主政治参与提供新的途径、公民社会为民主政治体系的稳定提供动力资源。但就我国公民社会发展的现实而言,公民社会组织发展还不完备,公民意识的薄弱、公民社会组织对政府的依赖性、社会法律环境的欠缺都在一定程度上制约着公民社会对民主政治的推动作用。由此,我们要结合国情因势利导,借鉴西方公民社会发展的历程,针对制约我国公民社会发展的“软肋”,逐步探寻促进公民社会发展的路径。即不断增强公民主体意识、促进特定社会结构——中间阶层的形成,还有拓宽公民社会的载体——从民间组织的发展壮大。具体到我国的实际,主要从公民社会的主体——公民的角度来说,强化公民权利意识,培育具有自主性的公民：从公民社会组织自身而言,培育公民社会组织的独立性,加强对政府的监督制衡；从社会环境来说,积极壮大中间阶层,促进社会的稳定,另外,还要紧跟时代发展,引导网络公民社会的有序、良性发展、夯实公民社会的基础；建立健全法律法规,增加制度供给；为公民社会的发展、成长提供良好的社会环境、制度环境,从而进一步推动我国民主政治的发展,建设民主、政治、文明的社会主义国家。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening up, the government function is changing day by day, China is gradually out of the national omnipotism misunderstanding, facing the social stratum differentiation and group interests diversification. Relatively independent individuals and social forces become more and more active, a large number of civil organizations emerge, and a relatively independent civil society rudiments begin to appear day by day. Civil society as an ancient and often new word in the West, its meaning has been changing with the development of the times, under the specific conditions of China's special national conditions. There are still many controversies about the meaning of civil society as an import. However, the role of civil society in the process of democracy has been unanimously recognized by academic circles, whether it is Tocqueville or Habermas. Or Michael McLetty, Michael Bernhard, and so on. Or Marx all agree that civil society plays an important role in the development of democratic politics. They point out that civil society is the social foundation of democratic politics without exception. And democratic politics is also the essential requirement of civic society. Specifically, civil society is the foundation and motive force of constructing democratic politics. Civil society provides a new way to realize orderly democratic political participation. Civil society provides power resources for the stability of democratic political system. However, as far as the reality of the development of civil society in our country is concerned, the development of civil society organizations is not complete, and the citizen consciousness is weak. The dependence of civil society organizations on government and the lack of social legal environment restrict the role of civil society in promoting democratic politics to a certain extent. Therefore, we should combine the national conditions, draw lessons from the course of the development of western civil society, and aim at the "weakness" that restricts the development of civil society in our country. Gradually explore the path to promote the development of civil society, that is, to constantly enhance the awareness of the main body of citizens, to promote the formation of a specific social structure-the middle class. There is also a carrier to broaden the civil society-from the development and growth of civil organizations. Specific to the reality of our country, mainly from the perspective of civil society-citizens, strengthen the awareness of civil rights. Cultivating autonomous citizens: from the perspective of civil society organizations, to cultivate the independence of civil society organizations, strengthen the supervision and checks and balances to the government; From the social environment, actively expand the middle class, promote social stability, in addition, we should closely follow the development of the times, guide the orderly and benign development of the network civil society, and consolidate the foundation of civil society; Establishing and perfecting laws and regulations and increasing the supply of system; It provides a good social environment and institutional environment for the development and growth of civil society, thus further promoting the development of democratic politics in our country and building a democratic, political and civilized socialist country.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D621

【引证文献】