浅析教皇革命对西方法治传统的影响

发布时间：2018-01-29 00:29

本文关键词： 中世纪教皇革命西方法治法治传统　出处：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 西方的法治观念源远流长,但西方法治观念的形成及其最终发展成为一种沿袭至今的传统却并非一帆风顺。西方的法治观念在从古代过渡到近现代的过程中,经历了西欧的中世纪——一个神权统治的时代。在这一时期,教皇的权力曾一度超越王权,神学思想得到了前所未有的信仰。尽管如此,在这样一个笃信神意的社会中,法治的理念最终得以保存,并得到了一定程度的发展,形成了西方法治传统的某种雏形。即便曾有大多数学者都认为神学主宰下的中世纪缺乏法治观念生长的土壤,是法治观念处于倒退的时代,但无论是后来人们对神权法体系中有关教条、教令的研究,还是美国著名学者伯尔曼在其《法律与宗教》及《法律与革命》这两本著作中所提到的中世纪西方法律传统(当然也包括法治传统)的形成,都给我们提供了一种新的思路。不同于以往对中世纪神学体系的全盘否定,而是在其中发现其有意义和有价值的贡献,其中之一便是对西方法治传统所产生的历史性影响。因此,顺着这一线索研究下去,将有助于我们从理论上进一步完善对中世纪的认识,以求更全面、详细和客观。文章包括引言、正文和结语三部分。正文部分从教皇革命的兴起入手,分四个部分阐述了中世纪教皇革命对西方法治传统的影响。论文正文的第一个部分,西欧中世纪的教皇革命。内容主要包括教皇革命兴起的背景及其内涵,教皇革命的实质及直接结果。论文正文的第二个部分,西方的法治理念及西方法治传统。内容主要涉及对西方法治理念发展历程的回顾,以及对西方法治传统及其内涵的阐析。论文正文的第三个部分,教皇革命对西方法治传统的影响。文章分别从积极和消极两个方面进行了阐述。其中积极方面的影响包括西方法律信仰的产生;近代法治理念的发展;权力制约局面的形成以及“法律至上”原则的产生四个方面。消极方面的影响则是顺着神权的统治、宗教裁判所的产生以及教会对司法权的干预三条线索展开的论述。论文正文的第四个部分,教皇革命对西方法治传统产生影响的原因分析。本部分也包括积极和消极两方面的原因。概括而言主要是教会对古罗马残留文明的保存、二元法律体系的形成、教权与王权的对立与斗争、神治精神与法治精神的背离、法律统治为神学统治服务这几个因素。其中,论文正文的第三和第四个部分是文章的重点和难点所在,也包括了文章的创新之处,即是有关教皇革命对西方法治传统的消极影响及其原因方面的论述。文章采用了演绎推理、归纳推理、历史分析和辨证分析等方法进行阐述,力求在尊重历史的基础上再现历史,并以此作为文章研究内容的最有力证明,使文章的论述更谨慎和严密。
[Abstract]:The concept of the rule of law in the West has a long history, but the formation and development of the concept of the rule of law in the West has not always been smooth, and the concept of the rule of law in the West is in the process of transition from ancient times to modern times. During the Middle Ages of Western Europe, a time of theocracy, the pope's power overtook Wang Quan and theological thought gained an unprecedented belief. In such a devout society, the concept of the rule of law was eventually preserved and developed to a certain extent. Even though most scholars thought that the medieval lack of the concept of rule of law under theology was an era when the concept of rule of law was in retrogression. But whether it is the later study of theocratic law system about dogma, doctrine. It is also the formation of medieval western legal tradition (including the tradition of rule of law) mentioned by the famous American scholar Berman in his works Law and Religion and Law and Revolution. Different from the total negation of the medieval theology system in the past, we find its meaningful and valuable contribution in it. One of them is the historical influence on the tradition of the rule of law in the west. Therefore, following this clue will help us to further improve our understanding of the Middle Ages in theory, in order to achieve a more comprehensive. Detail and objectivity The article includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text begins with the rise of the papal revolution and expounds the influence of the medieval papal revolution on the western tradition of ruling by law in four parts. The first part of the paper, the papal revolution in the Middle Ages in Western Europe, mainly includes the background and connotation of the pope revolution, the essence and direct result of the papal revolution. The second part of the thesis is mainly concerned with the review of the history of the development of the western rule of law and the explanation of the western tradition of rule of law and its connotation. In the third part of the paper, the influence of papal revolution on the tradition of western rule of law is discussed. The development of the concept of rule of law in modern times; The formation of the situation of power restriction and the emergence of the principle of "the supremacy of law". The negative influence is the rule of theocracy. The emergence of the religious adjudication and the intervention of the church in the judicial power. The fourth part of the paper. This part also includes positive and negative reasons. Generally speaking, it is mainly about the preservation of ancient Roman civilization and the formation of dual legal system. The opposition and struggle between religious power and Wang Quan, the deviation between the spirit of divine rule and the spirit of rule by law, and the rule of law serve the theological rule. Among them, the third and fourth parts of the text are the focus and difficulty of the article, including the innovation of the article. This is the discussion on the negative influence of papal revolution on the western tradition of rule of law and its causes. The article uses deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, historical analysis and dialectical analysis and other methods to elaborate, trying to reproduce history on the basis of respect for history, and as the most powerful proof of the content of the article. To make the article more careful and rigorous.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D909.1

【引证文献】