辐照法制备秸秆阳离子絮凝剂的研究

发布时间：2018-02-07 16:23

  本文关键词： 秸秆纤维素 阳离子絮凝剂 造纸废水　出处：《安徽农业大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国农作物秸秆每年产量约为6亿吨，资源很丰富，但是大部分都被焚烧，仅有少部分用作工业生产，，利用率很低，这样不仅给环境造成了污染，还浪费了宝贵的生物资源。因此，研究如何开发利用秸秆资源，缓解日益严重的能源危机，对实现农业可持续发展战略，具有重大的现实意义。 现代工业污水处理剂，多是采用传统的化学方法合成，且操作困难、成本高、易污染和产污泥量大，因此，生产一种高效、无污染、成本低和易合成的污水处理剂对工业污水处理十分重要。本实验利用辐照的方法合成秸秆纤维素—丙烯酰胺阳离子絮凝剂，研究了以60Coγ射线为引发体系的秸秆纤维素—丙烯酰胺接枝共聚高分子絮凝剂，从溶解机理上探讨了纤维素在LiCI/极性溶剂体系中溶解性。对整个反应过程中的辐照剂量、LiCI/DMAc溶液浓度、原料—单体的配比等因素进行了研究；并将制备的阳离子絮凝剂应用在高岭土模拟污水处理和稻草浆造纸废水絮凝剂试验中。通过对水处理前后的浊度、色度和COD变化进行测试，考察了合成絮凝剂的实际效果。 由此得到结论：1.秸秆纤维素—丙烯酰胺阳离子絮凝剂最佳合成条件为：丙烯酰胺用量为3g，秸秆纤维素用量为2g，150ml10%的LiCl/DMAc溶液，溶解温度100℃，辐照剂量9KGy。按照最佳条件合成的接枝共聚物接枝率可达到50%以上。2.高岭土模拟污水处理上，秸秆纤维素改性阳离子絮凝剂在pH值为5.1、投药量110mg/L时，絮凝效果最佳，浊度去除率达到63%。3.在废水的处理上，秸秆纤维素改性阳离子絮凝剂在投药量110mg/L左右，色度的去除率最高，对色度的去除率效果也最好；pH值为7时，絮凝剂对污水的COD处理效果最好，去除率达到49%；pH值为7时，投药量100mg/L左右时，絮凝剂对COD的处理效果最好，去除率达到58.7%；投药量在125mg/L左右时，剩余浊度最低，浊度去除率为65.3%，絮凝效果最好；pH值为7，接枝率为50时，剩余浊度最低，浊度去除率最高，絮凝剂对浊度的去除效果也最好，达到75%；pH值为7，胺化度为43.9%时，剩余浊度最低，浊度去除率68.1%也最高，絮凝剂对浊度的处理效果最好。
[Abstract]:The annual output of crop straw in China is about 600 million tons, and the resources are very rich, but most of them are burned, only a few of them are used for industrial production, and the utilization ratio is very low, which not only causes pollution to the environment, Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study how to develop and utilize straw resources to alleviate the increasingly serious energy crisis and to realize the strategy of sustainable agricultural development. Most of the modern industrial wastewater treatment agents are synthesized by traditional chemical methods, which are difficult to operate, high cost, easy to pollute and produce large amount of sludge. Therefore, the production of a kind of high efficiency and no pollution, The low cost and easy synthesis of wastewater treatment agent is very important for industrial wastewater treatment. In this experiment, straw cellulose acrylamide cationic flocculant was synthesized by irradiation. The graft copolymerization of straw cellulose and acrylamide with 60Co 纬 -ray as initiator was studied. The solubility of cellulose in LiCl / polar solvent system was discussed from the mechanism of dissolution. The irradiation dose of LiCl / DMAc solution and the ratio of raw material to monomer in the whole reaction process were studied. The cationic flocculant was used in the experiment of kaolin simulated wastewater treatment and rice straw pulp and papermaking wastewater flocculant. The effect of synthetic flocculant was investigated by testing the changes of turbidity, chroma and COD before and after water treatment. The optimum conditions for the synthesis of straw cellulose and acrylamide cationic flocculant are as follows: the amount of acrylamide is 3 g, the amount of straw cellulose is 2 g / L 10% LiCl/DMAc solution, and the temperature is 100 鈩

本文编号：1494799