“民主”与“共和”：从相异到融合

发布时间：2018-02-15 14:25

本文关键词： 民主理论共和理论民主政体共和政体　出处：《外交学院》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民主理论和共和理论、民主政体和共和政体,经历了从相异走向融合的过程。雅典民主政体的政治理想是实现多数人的统治,在政治生活中,人民意志和人民权利至高无上。而罗马共和政体的首要目的是反对专制,反对任何至高无上的权力。它们的核心价值完全不同、权力机关设置以及政治运行方式也相互差异,因此,民主理论和共和理论是两种完全不同的理论、民主政体也完全不同于共和政体。近代以来,民主理论和共和理论都有重要的转变和发展。民主概念脱离了“多数人统治”的简单定义,其核心价值成为公民选举代表。在代议制和宪政理论的基础上,发展出了一系列制度,例如选举制、议会制、政党制、监督制、保障公民权利制度等,“民主”成为这些制度的总和。共和思想在近代最重要的发展变化是混合政体理论的完善。“混合均衡”从阶层权利均衡发展成为权力分立制衡。此外,在共和政体中,人民的地位渐渐高于贵族的地位,品德的基础作用被制度取代。民主理论和共和理论在转变过程中有了共同的政治价值,在政治实践中,共和政体逐渐融合如民主制度中,成为民主制度中的一种政体。共和民主制是近代以来最有代表意义的政体之一。
[Abstract]:Democratic theory and Republican theory, democracy and republic, experienced the process from dissimilarity to integration. The political ideal of the Athenian democracy is the rule of the majority, in which the will and the rights of the people are paramount. Opposing any supreme power. Their core values are completely different, and so are the institutions of power and the way in which politics operate. Therefore, democratic theory and Republican theory are two completely different theories. Democracy is also quite different from a republic. Since modern times, both democratic theory and Republican theory have undergone important changes and developments. The concept of democracy has broken away from the simple definition of "majority rule", and its core value has become the representative of citizen election. A series of systems have been developed, such as the electoral system, the parliamentary system, the political party system and the supervisory system. The most important development and change of Republican thought in modern times is the perfection of the theory of mixed government. "mixed equilibrium" develops from class rights equilibrium to power separation balance. In a republic, the status of the people is gradually higher than that of the aristocrats, and the basic role of morality is replaced by the system. The theory of democracy and the theory of republicanism have common political values in the process of transformation. In political practice, the Republican system of government is gradually integrated into the democratic system. Republican democracy is one of the most representative regimes in modern times.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D082;D033

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