法治视野下特别权力关系问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 19:15

本文选题：特别权力关系　切入点：行政法治　出处：《武汉大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：特别权力关系是指：针对公共管理的特定目的,通过法律或行政行为设立,也可由对公共设施作用范围的进入而自行产生,相关人在一定程度上必须依照公共管理目的的需要行事的一种行政关系。它是“一般权力关系”的对称。而行政法治意味着法律对行政具有绝对的支配力和最高影响；行政与法律的关系能够转换为行政与司法的关系。由此必然导致两者的冲突和此消彼长,也就是说特别权力关系的法治化是行政法治的发展的必然要求。本文的主题是法治视野下特别权力关系问题研究,而重点是从特别权力关系与行政法治的冲突来分析问题。全文共分为6个部分：导论部分旨在对目前研究的现状作一个总体的归纳,论述行政法治背景下对特别权力关系进行法治化的必要性和必然性。并在此提出自己的研究方法,同时表明自己研究的创新之处和预期达到的效果。第一章是特别权力关系基本理论。从特别权力关系的概念入手,具体列举了特别权力关系的类型,将特别权力关系分为公勤关系、公共营造物(公共机构)的利用关系和公法上的特别监督关系；接着重点分析了特别权力关系的特征,认为其具有适用特别规则和特别的惩罚措施；排除法律优位和法律保留原则；相对人义务的不确定性以及排除司法审查等特征；并在此基础上深入探究特别权力关系的本质——强制且不可消除。第二章主要是结合我国基本国情探讨特别权力关系在我国大陆的现状。首先综合分析特别权力关系在我国存在的历史、制度和外来影响方面的原因。然后分别从立法、行政和司法的角度通过实证分析、案例分析的方法阐述特别权力关系在我国的具体表现。立法上重点分析《公务员法》、《行政诉讼法》、《教育法》和《监狱法》；行政规范则以××大学的学生管理规则为例；司法上则以广东凤铝案为解析对象。第三章主要分析特别权力关系与行政法治的冲突问题。在分析和阐述行政法治的内涵和基本原则后,分别论述特别权力关系与法律优位原则、法律保留原则以及司法最终原则之间的冲突。第四章主要是对特别权力关系在域外的发展与法治化问题的探讨。在对国外特别权力关系产生发展的历史背景进行概括描述后,重点研究国外对于特别权力关系进行法治化的原因和路径。第五章是我国特别权力关系重构的问题。主要从理论和制度两方面提出重构设想。理论重构包括培育和增强法治观念,特别法律关系和特别权法关系概念的提出和深入阐述,制度重构则包括加强内部管理规则审查、扩大司法救济范围、建构司法判例制度等,并采取各个击破的方法分别为公务员、服刑人员、公立高等学校大学生、行业协会成员的权利保护寻求救济途径,以期既从全局,又从局部来解决特别权力关系中相对人的权利救济问题,从而为突破特别权力关系之桎梏,扫清行政法治发展道路上的拦路虎,为法治国家的实现贡献自己的绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:The special power relation refers to the specific purpose of public management, established by law or administrative behavior, but also by entering the scope of public facilities and self generated, people must act in accordance with an administrative relationship in need of public management purposes to a certain extent. It is "the general power relation. The administrative law means that the law has absolute control over the administration and the highest influence; the relationship between the government and the law can be converted to the relationship between the executive and the judiciary. This will lead to the conflicts between them, that is the special power relationship of rule of law is an inevitable requirement for the development of administrative law.
The theme of this paper is the study of special power relations under the rule of law, and the key is to analyze problems from the conflict between special power relations and administrative rule of law. The full text is divided into 6 parts.
The introduction part aims to make a general summary of the present situation of research, discusses the rule of administrative law under the background of the necessity and inevitability of the legalization of the special power relationship. And put forward its own research methods in this research, at the same time show their innovation and achieve the expected effect.
The first chapter is the basic theory of special power relations. Starting from the concept of special power relationship, and enumerates types of power relations, the special power relation is divided into public service, public building (public institution) based on the relationship between public law and special supervision; and then analyzes the characteristics of special power relations. It is applicable to special rules and special punishment measures; exclude the legal priority and the principle of legal reservation; relative obligations of uncertainty and exclude judicial review; and on the basis of in-depth study of the nature of the special power relation: forced and can not eliminate.
The second chapter is the basic situation of our country to investigate the situation of the special power relation in the mainland of China. The first comprehensive analysis of the special power relation exist in our country's history, reason and system of foreign influence aspects. And then separately from the legislative, administrative and judicial point of view through the empirical analysis, the method of case analysis to explain the relation of special power the specific performance in our country. The legislation of civil law focuses on the analysis of < > >, < < the administrative procedure law, education law "and" Prison Law >; administrative norms in the * * university student management rules for judicial cases; in case the object of analysis. The Guangdong phoenix aluminum
The third chapter mainly analyzes the conflict between special power relationship and administrative rule of law. After analyzing and explaining the connotation and basic principles of administrative rule of law, it discusses the conflict between special power relations and the law of the best position, the principle of legal reservation and the final principles of justice.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the issue of special power relations in the development and rule of law in foreign countries. After a general description of the historical background of the development of foreign special power relations, we focus on the reasons and paths for the rule of law in special power relations abroad.
The fifth chapter is the reconstruction of our country's special power relations. The main problems and proposes reconstruction from two aspects of theory and system theory. Remodeling includes cultivating and strengthening the rule of law, put forward the concept of special law and special law relations and further elaborated, including the reconstruction of the system to strengthen the internal management review rules, expand the coverage of judicial remedy, construction the judicial precedent system, and adopt the method of civil servants were crush one by one, the inmates, public university students, Protection Industry Association member the right to seek remedy, which not only from the overall, and from local to solve the relative person of special power relationship in the right relief, so as to break the shackles of special power relationship, development the road to clear the way of administrative law for the realization of the rule of law, its own modest contribution.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.1

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