当代我国民主建设的文化障碍与出路

发布时间：2018-03-26 06:44

本文选题：民主　切入点：文化障碍　出处：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：从辛亥革命推翻帝制到社会主义国家的建立,我国的民主建设已经取得了很大的进展。尤其是改革开放以后,随着市场经济体制逐渐确立并完善,我国民主建设也在不断的向前推进:人民代表大会制度逐渐完善,人民主体地位得到提升;基层民主建设更是迈出了很大的步伐,海选、直选、竞选、差额选举等措施在全国各地不同层次推行,并取得了不错的成绩。但同时,不断曝出的政府干预选举、选票买卖、贿选、暗箱操作、民众参与质量不高等问题却不能不启发我们思考:构成有效民主的深层因素是什么?纵观世界,我们同样面临着这样的困惑,新型的民主体制不能有效运转,甚至出现民主崩溃现象,原因在哪里?这其中有经济、政治等诸方面的原因。本文则是从文化角度,通过文本与案例分析,对我国的民主障碍进行分析和审视,希冀能为我国的民主发展提供一点理论与实践借鉴。本文在阐述两种流行的民主概念——程序民主和实质民主的文化合理性解释之后,分析了民主与文化的关系,梳理了当前学术界出现的儒家文化与民主关系的各种论点,继而着重论述了现阶段影响我国民主建设的最重要的文化因素:法治精神缺失,主体意识淡薄,官僚文化依旧根深蒂固。关于传统文化的现代性变革,学术界有很多的论述,笔者进行了比较细致的总结并分析:内源发展模式强调从传统文化内部寻求我国民主建设的依据。这种模式有强烈的文化主体与文化传承意识,但是过于片面强调内源发展,拒斥全球化影响无异于固步自封;传统文化的创造性转化模式,注意吸收国内外的先进经验,对传统文化进行创造性转化,很符合当前的文化发展路径。但是这两种文化转化模式都片面强调文化与文化的对接,却没有注意到这种文化对接的现实可能。笔者更加赞成传统文化的适应性变革模式,这种模式强调立足实践,通过现代市场经济体制与民主政治体制的推进来促进文化的发展。在文章的最后一部分着重论述了两点:一是立足实践,推进经济体制的改革;二是将价值观的变革纳入发展之中,倚重国家力量,通过教育的途径实现先进文化的内化。
[Abstract]:From the Revolution of 1911 to the establishment of a socialist country, great progress has been made in the construction of democracy in China, especially after the reform and opening up, with the gradual establishment and improvement of the market economy system. China's democratic construction is also moving forward: the people's Congress system has been gradually improved, the people's dominant position has been upgraded, and the grass-roots democratic construction has made great strides, with auditions, direct elections, and elections. Differential elections and other measures have been carried out at different levels throughout the country, and have achieved good results. But at the same time, government interference in elections, vote trading, bribery and dark box operations have been constantly revealed. However, the question of the low quality of popular participation can not help but inspire us to think: what are the deep-seated factors that constitute effective democracy? Throughout the world, we are also faced with the confusion that new democratic institutions are not functioning effectively, and even the collapse of democracy. What is the reason? From the perspective of culture, through text and case analysis, this paper analyzes and examines the obstacles to democracy in China, hoping to provide some theoretical and practical reference for the development of democracy in our country. After explaining two popular concepts of democracy-procedural democracy and substantial democracy, this paper analyzes the relationship between democracy and culture, and combs the various arguments on the relationship between Confucian culture and democracy in current academic circles. Then the most important cultural factors that affect the construction of democracy in our country at present are discussed emphatically: the spirit of rule by law is lacking, the consciousness of subject is weak, the bureaucratic culture is still deeply rooted. The author makes a detailed summary and analysis: the endogenous development model emphasizes to seek the basis for the democratic construction of our country from the inside of the traditional culture. This model has strong cultural subject and cultural inheritance consciousness, but it emphasizes the endogenous development too one-sidedly. Rejecting the impact of globalization is tantamount to being self-contained; the creative transformation model of traditional culture, attention to absorbing advanced experience at home and abroad, and creative transformation of traditional culture, It is very consistent with the current path of cultural development. However, both of these two modes of cultural transformation emphasize the connection between culture and culture one-sidedly, but fail to notice the realistic possibility of this kind of cultural docking. The author is more in favor of the adaptive transformation model of traditional culture. In the last part of the article, two points are emphasized: one is to promote the reform of economic system based on practice; Second, the transformation of values into the development, relying on national strength, through the way of education to achieve the internalization of advanced culture.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D621

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