“民主政制”正当性前提的哲学思考

发布时间：2018-04-04 10:27

本文选题：民主政制　切入点：法国大革命　出处：《兰州学刊》2017年10期

【摘要】：民主政制是一种具有多种终局可能和理论缺陷的政体。在政治实践上,它有蜕化为僭主专政和民粹主义的潜在基因,这在纳粹主义和雅各宾专政中得到鲜明的例示。从理论前提上看,美国式民主是一种强调形式正义的混合民主政体,但民主选举程序的合法并不意味结果的公正。合法(形式正义)与正义(实质正义)之间的巨大裂痕,为贤明君主制(仁慈僭政)统治的正当性提供了理论上的可能,同时也让我们警惕民主政制潜含的政治风险。由是观之,民主宪政并非主流观念所宣扬的那么理想完美和理所应当。廓清民主宪政的实践变体和德性缺失,不仅有助于我们审慎理性地看待世纪之交的这场宪政之争,同时也对我们更好地进行政治文明建设提供了重要的理论参考。
[Abstract]:Democracy is a form of government with many possibilities and theoretical flaws.In political practice, it has the potential to degenerate into autocratic dictatorship and populism, which is clearly illustrated by Nazism and Jacobin dictatorship.On the theoretical premise, American democracy is a mixed democracy that emphasizes formal justice, but the legitimacy of democratic election procedure does not mean the justice of the result.The huge rift between legitimacy (formal justice) and justice (substantive justice) provides a theoretical possibility for the legitimacy of the rule of the wise monarchy (merciful tyrant), and at the same time makes us alert to the political risks of democracy.Thus, democratic constitutionalism is not so ideal and well-deserved as the mainstream idea.To clarify the practical variation and lack of virtue of democratic constitutionalism is not only helpful for us to treat this constitutional dispute at the turn of the century prudently and rationally, but also provides an important theoretical reference for us to better carry out the construction of political civilization.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学哲学系;
【基金】：国家社会科学青年基金项目“列奥·施特劳斯犹太思想研究”(项目编号:13CZX061)资助成果第59批中国博士后科学基金面上资助(资助编号:2016M591610)
【分类号】：D0

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