自媒体时代下的微博问政与政府应对策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 06:32

本文选题：自媒体　切入点：微博问政　出处：《东北财经大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：微博问政是信息化时代背景下政治民主的一种世界性新型社会实践。微博的出现标志着自媒体时代的到来,彻底改变了过去由传统媒介掌控政坛舆论的格局,给政府带来了巨大的挑战。然而,面对这一新型舆论格局,国内学界并没有给予足够的重视。正是在这一层面上,研究自媒体时代背景下的微博问政与政府应对策略,不仅具有重大的理论价值,而且具有特别重要的现实意义。文章的第一章是为导论部分,按照“问题意识”的指引,着力于探讨我国微博问政的时代背景、研究价值。文章在界定了一些重要概念的基础上,比较分析了国内外相关研究现状,指出受学术传统差距、政治民主机制等多重因素的影响,我国有关研究与外国发达国家存在较大差距。文章的第二章主要讨论了微博问政场域下我国政府面临的新危机及其原因。首先,文章通过实证分析,指出话语权异位是微博问政成为挑战我国政府管理的直接原因。其次,文章分别指出,表达制度之立法缺陷是微博问政导致危机产生的立法原因；权力运行失范是其政治原因；公民参与不足是其行政原因；媒体引导不当是其舆论原因。文章的第三章从比较研究角度考察了西方国家应对微博问政的策略。文章提出,对表达自由的立法规制是西方国家应对微博问政的制度方案；通过司法宽容表达自由以保护微博问政,司法考量公共利益以节制微博问政,司法保护私人利益以防止微博问政侵权,是西方国家节制微博问政的司法措施；通过政府微博、官员微博来发展政务微博,是其应对微博问政的理性行动；而通过快速反应、议程设置、媒介事件来推动媒体引导,是其舆论策略。在这一部分的最后,文章将西方国家应对微博问政的方略总结为四点经验：以政治民主占领道德制高点；以法治治理为内在规则；以官民互动为行动逻辑；以舆论引导为媒体手段。从文章的第四章开始,论文致力于构建我国政府回应微博问政的相关策略。在这一章中,文章提出政府应当转变理念,以治理理念打破“围墙政治”,通过行政民主占据舆论正当性制高点；以行政分权、公共产品民营化实现“去中心化”,重建政府权力结构；以公民参与来重整政府治理网络,规范政府行为。最终编织成一道监督法网,实现对各级行政机关、行政机构、行政官员、行政行为的监督,赢得广大群众对各级行政主体的信赖,从源头上大大降低微博问政的可能性。文章的第五章提出把法律规制作为政府应对微博问政的立法策略。首先是完善舆论立法,即通过宪法、新闻法以及相关配套法律制度的完善,来打造政府应对微博问政的立法体系。其次从保护名誉权、保护隐私权等间接法律手段,来实现政府应对微博问政的策略目标。文章的第六章把合理引导作为政府应对微博问政的重要手段。文章主张建立电子政府,通过政务信息网络、网络发言人制度、官员微博等措施来提高政府透明度,促进官民沟通,实现官民有效互动；主张以主流媒体掌控舆论之议程设置,来实现媒体对微博舆论的有效引导；主张以法院司法评价促使微博问政规范化、合法化。最后,文章以“迈向自媒体时代的改革之路”为题,总结全文。文章认为,由于种种应对措施的无效、乏力,导致当前我国微博问政朝着不利于政府的方向发展。而要想改变此种不利局面,国家必须要以立体化、体系化与过程化的思维方式,在各个方面改革现有治理理念、制度体系、权力结构和媒体运作,以迎接自媒体时代的挑战。最终在进一步巩固政府管理之正当性与合法性基础的同时,获得民众的信任,化解舆论危机。
[Abstract]:Micro-blog asked the government under the background of informationization of political democracy in a world of new social practice. Micro-blog marks the emergence of self media era, completely changed the traditional media public opinion by the control of political pattern, brings a great challenge to the government. However, in the face of this new pattern of public opinion, and domestic scholars do not give enough attention. It is at this level, media under the background of micro-blog politics and government strategy, not only has great theoretical value, but also has important realistic significance.
The first chapter is the introduction, in accordance with the "problem consciousness" guidelines, focusing on China's micro-blog politics background, research value. This article defines some important concepts based on the comparative analysis of related research at home and abroad, pointed out that the traditional academic gap, political democracy mechanism multiple factors, related studies in China and foreign countries there is a big gap.
The second chapter mainly discussed the crisis facing China's micro-blog asked the new government under the field and its reasons. First, through empirical analysis, pointed out that the right of discourse in politics is a challenge of ectopic micro-blog direct cause of our government management. Secondly, the article points out respectively, the expression system of legislative defects is micro-blog politics the legislation lead to the causes of the crisis; power anomie is the political reasons; lack of citizen participation is the administrative guidance of the media is the improper reasons; the reason the public opinion.
The third chapter examines the deal with micro-blog western politics strategy from the comparative study perspective. In this paper, the legislation of freedom of expression is to deal with micro-blog in western countries asked political system; through judicial tolerance of freedom of expression to protect micro-blog politics, judicial consideration of public interest to control micro-blog politics, judicial protection of private micro-blog asked the government to prevent the interests of infringement, the western countries control micro-blog politics through judicial measures; government officials to the development of micro-blog, micro-blog micro-blog, micro-blog is the rational action of politics; the agenda is arranged by the rapid reaction, and media events to promote the media guide, is the public opinion at the end of this strategy. A portion of the article will deal with micro-blog western political strategy summed up in four points: Taking the moral high ground to political democracy; the rule of law governance as the internal rules; the government and the people to each other Action is the logic of action; the media is guided by public opinion.
From the beginning of the fourth chapter, the thesis is committed to building China's relevant government policy response to micro-blog politics. In this chapter, the article proposed that the government should change the idea, to break the "wall of political governance, through democratic administration of public opinion to occupy the commanding heights; administrative decentralization, privatization of public products" to the center of the "reconstruction of government power structure; the citizen participation to reforming governance network, standardize government behavior. Finally woven into a net to realize the supervision, administrative organs, administrative institutions, administrative officials, supervision of administrative behavior, to win the broad masses of the administrative levels of trust, from the source to reduce micro-blog the possibility of politics.
The fifth chapter puts forward the legal regulation as the government should ask micro-blog legislative strategy. The first is to improve public administration legislation, through the constitution, perfect news law and related legal system, the government should ask micro-blog to build government legislation system. Secondly, from the protection of the right of reputation, privacy and other legal means to indirect. The government should ask micro-blog strategy target policy.
The sixth chapter put a reasonable guide as an important means of government to deal with micro-blog politics. The paper advocates the establishment of electronic government, through the information network, network spokesman system, micro-blog officials and other measures to improve government transparency, promote the communication between the public, government and the people to achieve effective interaction; advocated by the mainstream media to control the public opinion of the agenda setting. To achieve effective media to guide public opinion micro-blog advocated; judicial evaluation prompted micro-blog politics standardized and legalized.
Finally, taking the "towards the media since the era of reform of the road in the title, summary of the full text. The article argues that due to invalid, various response measures of the weak, resulting in current China micro-blog politics towards the direction of development is not conducive to the government. But in order to change the unfavorable situation, the country will need to three-dimensional system with the process of thinking, reform the existing concept of governance, in all aspects of the system, the power structure and operation of the media, since the media age to meet the challenge. In the end to further consolidate the legitimacy of the government management and legal basis at the same time, gain the trust of the people, to resolve the crisis of public opinion.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D621.5;G206

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