惠特曼《草叶集》中的民主思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 11:26

本文选题：沃尔特·惠特曼　切入点：《草叶集》　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：惠特曼是19世纪美国伟大的民主诗人。在《草叶集》中,惠特曼打破传统的诗歌格律,以"自由体"的形式歌唱自我,歌唱广大劳动人民,歌唱自由、平等、博爱的观念,歌唱自己心中的民主理想。《草叶集》自出版以来,便充满了争议,20世纪以后,越来越多的学者开始认可并研究惠特曼诗歌中的民主思想,并从其中得到了诸多启示与灵感。本文从细读惠特曼的《草叶集》入手,通过分析诗句并结合当时美国的政治、经济、文化和社会背景,总结归纳了惠特曼民主思想的三个关键点——个人主义思想、集体意识、为民主而创作。通过对这三方面的内容进行分析,本文展示了惠特曼诗歌中体现的作为个体的人的发展思想,和作为集体的民族的发展理念,以及诗人在个人和集体的发展中应该起到的作用。本论文分为五个部分。引言部分首先介绍了惠特曼及其作品《草叶集》,然后综述了国内外学者在研究《草叶集》的民主思想中已经取得的成就。第一章主要分析惠特曼的个人发展思想。培养实行民主、善于过民主生活的人是建设民主社会的基础。理想的个人人格应该具备一些必要的素质——淳朴自然、道德良心、健康的体魄、自立自助。惠特曼认为美国应该摆脱欧洲传统观念的影响和束缚,培养更自立自主、更民主现代的人。第二章阐明了惠特曼的集体意识。个人和集体的关系是民主的一个重要问题。民主的集体要为个人人格的发展提供自由、平等的环境,消除妨碍自然个性发展的因素。同时,惠特曼认为,在集体中,人与人之间有伙伴或同志的感情,是团结友爱的伙伴关系,这种伙伴之爱凝结形成一个民主的集体。第三章主要说明了惠特曼创作《草叶集》的目的。惠特曼认为诗人应该成为美国民主的发言人,为民族的精神独立歌唱,为人民大众歌唱。诗歌的内容也应该反映社会现实。惠特曼希望他的诗歌能够对理想的个人主义的形成和民主集体的形成产生积极的影响。本文结论得出,作为惠特曼的代表作和毕生的心血,《草叶集》充分体现了诗人的民主思想。惠特曼在诗歌中展现出了一个大众化的、典型的个人形象,也描写了对美好民主社会的畅想。他的民主思想对个人人格和民主的发展具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Whitman was a great American democratic poet in the 19 th century.In the leaves of the Grass, Whitman breaks the traditional rules of poetry, sings himself in the form of "free body", sings about the working people, sings the concepts of freedom, equality, and fraternity.Since its publication, more and more scholars have recognized and studied the democratic ideas in Whitman's poems, and got a lot of enlightenment and inspiration from them.This paper begins with a close reading of Whitman's Collection of Grass leaves, and through analyzing the poems and combining the political, economic, cultural and social backgrounds of the United States at that time, summarizes and sums up three key points of Whitman's democratic thought-individualism and collective consciousness.Create for democracy.Through the analysis of these three aspects, this paper shows Whitman's thought of human development as an individual and the concept of national development as a collective, as well as the role that poets should play in the development of individuals and collectives.This paper is divided into five parts.The introduction first introduces Whitman and his works, "the collection of grass leaves", and then summarizes the achievements of scholars at home and abroad in the study of the democratic ideas of "the collection of grass leaves".The first chapter mainly analyzes Whitman's personal development thought.Cultivating and practicing democracy and being good at living a democratic life is the foundation of building a democratic society.Ideal personal personality should have some necessary qualities-simple nature, moral conscience, healthy physique, self-help.Whitman believes that the United States should free itself from the influence and bondage of traditional European ideas and foster more independent, democratic and modern people.The second chapter expounds Whitman's collective consciousness.The relationship between individual and collective is an important issue in democracy.A democratic collective should provide a free and equal environment for the development of individual personality and eliminate the factors hindering the development of natural personality.At the same time, Whitman believes that in a collective, there is a partnership between people, a partnership of unity and fraternity, which condenses into a democratic collective.The third chapter mainly explains the purpose of Whitman's creation of leaves of Grass.Whitman believed that the poet should become the spokesman of American democracy, sing for the nation's spiritual independence, and sing for the people.The content of poetry should also reflect social reality.Whitman hopes that his poems will have a positive impact on the formation of ideal individualism and democratic collectivity.The conclusion of this paper is that, as Whitman's masterpiece and the painstaking effort of his life, the anthology of leaves of Grass fully embodies the poet's democratic thought.Whitman presents a popular and typical personal image in his poems, and describes a vision of a better democratic society.His democratic thought is of great significance to the development of individual personality and democracy.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.072

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