协商民主与中国基层群众自治的完善

发布时间：2018-04-15 23:02

本文选题：基层群众自治 + 协商民主　；参考：《宁波大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：基层群众自治是推进中国政治民主化进程的基础性工程。当前运行的基层群众自治既有积极的一面,也有不足之处。其积极意义表现为:一是对马克思自治理论的继承和发展,促进了人的自由和全面发展;二是对西方自由主义民主理论的超越,契合了中国基层政治社会的现实;三是对中国广大基层群众民主精神的长期洗礼,提高了广大群众进行政治参与的热情和理性。其不足之处表现为:一是基层群众利益表达渠道不够通畅;二是官民协商对话机制不够健全;三是民主协商制度不够完善。协商民主理论主张构建多种协商对话机制,强调群众参与和理性讨论,并以此赋予决策以合法性。协商民主兴起于西方,具有丰富的内涵和特征,能够对选举民主起到补充作用。协商民主与中国基层群众自治的结合有其现实可能性。首先,协商民主高度强调协商主体的大众性,与中国共产党的群众路线相偶合;其次,协商民主高度强调进行决策的协商性,与我国政治协商传统相偶合;再次,协商民主高度强调决策前以公共理性为基础的民主协商,与民主集中制原则相偶合。基于以上分析,协商民主可以在基层基层群众自治的完善中有所作为。根据协商民主的基本要素及其发展规律,这种作为主要体现在四个方面:一是协商民主运行过程突出理性和有序性,能够提升基层社会的公共理性;二是协商民主强调参与过程的公正、公平和平等,能够规范基层群众自治的相关制度安排;三是协商民主要求民众的平等参与,能够逐步培育出积极和理性的公民社会;四是协商民主内在地要求公共权威在场,能够改善基层党组织在基层群众自治中发挥领导作用的路径和方式。目前,协商民主与基层群众自治结合的实践模式在各地陆续出现,并取得了良好效果和宝贵经验。在村民自治中,有以“民情沟通日”和“参与式预算”为代表的官民对话机制;在城市居民自治中,有发展比较完善的“议事会”制度。在企业管理中出现了“民主恳谈会”制度模式。在协商民主完善基层群众自治的实践中,我们总结、提炼了一些可供其他地方借鉴的有益经验。
[Abstract]:Grass-roots mass self-governance is a basic project to promote the process of political democratization in China.The current operation of grassroots mass autonomy has both a positive side, but also shortcomings.Its positive significance is as follows: first, inheriting and developing Marxist autonomy theory, promoting the free and all-round development of human beings; second, surpassing the western liberal democratic theory, conforming to the reality of Chinese political society at the grass-roots level;Third, the long-term baptism of the democratic spirit of the masses at the grassroots level in China has enhanced their enthusiasm and rationality for political participation.Its shortcomings are as follows: first, the channels of expression of the interests of the grassroots are not smooth enough; second, the mechanism of consultation and dialogue between the officials and the people is not perfect; third, the system of democratic consultation is not perfect enough.The theory of deliberative democracy advocates the construction of various mechanisms of consultation and dialogue, emphasizes the participation of the masses and rational discussion, and gives legitimacy to decision-making.The deliberative democracy rises in the west, has rich connotation and characteristic, can play the supplementary role to the electoral democracy.The combination of deliberative democracy and Chinese grassroots mass autonomy has its realistic possibility.First, the democracy of consultation highly emphasizes the popularity of the subject of consultation, which is coupled with the mass line of the Communist Party of China; secondly, the democracy of consultation highly emphasizes the consultative nature of decision-making and is coupled with the tradition of political consultation in our country; thirdly,Deliberative democracy highly emphasizes democratic consultation based on public rationality before decision-making, which is coupled with the principle of democratic centralism.Based on the above analysis, deliberative democracy can make a difference in the improvement of grassroots mass autonomy.According to the basic elements of consultative democracy and its development law, this kind of behavior is mainly reflected in four aspects: first, the operation process of consultative democracy highlights rationality and order, which can promote the public rationality of grass-roots society;Second, consultation democracy emphasizes the fairness, fairness and equality in the process of participation, and it can standardize the relevant institutional arrangements of grass-roots mass autonomy; third, consultation democracy requires the equal participation of the people and can gradually foster a positive and rational civil society.Fourth, consultation democracy requires the presence of public authority, which can improve the path and way for grass-roots party organizations to play a leading role in grass-roots mass autonomy.At present, the practice model of the combination of consultation democracy and grass-roots mass autonomy has emerged in various places, and has obtained good results and valuable experience.Among the villagers' autonomy, there is a mechanism of dialogue between the officials and the people, represented by "the Day of Communication of people's feelings" and "participatory Budget", and in the autonomy of urban residents, there is a relatively perfect system of "council of parliament".In the enterprise management, there appears the system mode of "democratic talk meeting".In the practice of consultation democracy and perfecting grassroots mass autonomy, we summarize and refine some useful experiences that can be used for reference by other places.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D638

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