韩国公益举报制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 15:10

本文选题：公共利益 + 举报制度　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：举报作为一种重要的民主监督手段,在打击违法犯罪行为中的重要性越来越受到人们的重视。举报权是宪法赋予公民的一项重要民主监督权利,是公民、其他个人、单位依法向国家专门机关控告检举涉嫌违法违纪犯罪行为的权利。落实举报权的行使,保障公民举报权的实现,可以激励广大群众举报的热情,助于公众对国家机关工作人员等的监督,消除社会不稳定因素,震慑违法犯罪,利于对违法违纪犯罪行为的查处。韩国2011年制定的《公益举报者保护法》在举报者保护措施、举报程序、举报受理机构等方面进行了明确系统的规定,可操作性强。虽然韩国举报者保护法制不一定符合我国举报制度的客观现实,但其举报者保护的理念及举报者保护法立法所获得的经验无疑值得我们借鉴。韩国现行的公益举报制度法律体系主要包含三部法律即《反腐败法》(已废止)、《反腐败和国民权益委员会的设立与运营法》(2008年)、《公益举报者保护法》(2011年),《反腐败和国民权益委员会的设立与运营法》将举报对象限定于公职人员的腐败行为,具有一定的局限性,而《公益举报者保护法》将范围扩大到公、私部门,适应了社会发展需要,有利于打击企业等的违法犯罪行为。自《保护法》颁布以来,由于举报者保护、救济、制约等机制的完善,韩国举报案件的数量翻倍增长,公民更敢于举报,更加勇于同损害公共利益的行为作斗争,对纯洁透明社会风气的形成发挥了重大作用。本文以韩国《公益举报者保护法》为视角,对韩国公益举报制度进行研究。正文总共分为4个章节。第一章对公益举报的概念、特征、公益举报和公益举报制度的意义、韩国公益举报制度的产生及公益举报者保护法的立法历程进行了阐述。第二章以该法为视角分析了韩国举报制度的框架体系和公益举报制度的内容,包括举报主体、举报客体、举报方式、举报处理、举报者保护制度、补偿金与救助金制度。第三章以该法为视角主要论述了韩国举报制度存在的问题与不足,包括举报对象的范围、国民权益委员会调查权和监督权的缺失、举报后的程序问题以及举报者保护制度、处罚规定的不完善等方面进行了分析说明。最后,介绍了我国举报制度的建立背景及法律依据,分析了我国举报制度存在的问题,包括没有独立的举报受理机构、缺乏规范的举报程序、没有完善的举报机制、举报运行透明度低,缺乏有效的监督等等。同时借鉴韩国公益举报者保护法的优点与不足对完善我国举报制度提出了自己的看法。第一,我国应制定专门的《举报者保护法》,进一步推进举报制度的法制化、规范化、体系化。第二,设立举报主管机构,并保证其享有独立调查权与监督权的。第三,建立完善的网络举报制度。第四,推行实名举报,建立严格的保密制度。第五,健全举报激励和保障制度。现今我国还没有制定专门的举报者保护法,而美国、英国、韩国、日本等国家早已出台相关法律,我国举报制度存在的不足制约着举报工作的深入开展,关于举报的规定不应只散见于各法律法规和一些规范性文件中,制定专门的举报者保护法,规范举报救济、保障、制约等机制,保障公民举报权利的实现,加强对违法违纪犯罪行为的监督,对社会的和谐稳定、人民安居乐业有着重大意义。而韩国《公益举报者保护法》制定了相对完善的举报制度,对其进行研究对我国举报制度的完善有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:As an important means of democratic supervision, reporting is becoming more and more important in combating illegal and criminal acts. The right to report the report is an important right of democratic supervision given to citizens by the constitution. It is a citizen, other individual, and the unit accuses the state specialized organs of the right to prosecute the alleged illegal and disciplinary crimes in accordance with the law. The exercise of the right to report the report, to ensure the realization of the right to report the citizens, to encourage the enthusiasm of the masses to report, to help the public to supervise the staff of the state organs, to eliminate the social instability, to deter the illegal crimes and to investigate and punish the offenses against the law and discipline. In 2011, the protection law of public whistleblower protection, formulated by South Korea, is protected by the whistleblower The measures, the reporting procedures and the reporting and accepting institutions have made a clear and systematic regulation. Although the protection of the South Korean whistleblower protection law does not necessarily conform to the objective reality of the reporting system in China, the concept of the protection of the whistleblower and the experience obtained by the legislation of the protection law of the whistleblower are undoubtedly worth our reference.
The current legal system of public welfare reporting system in South Korea consists of three laws, namely, the anti corruption law (abolished), the establishment and operation law of the anti corruption and national rights and interests Commission (2008), the protection law of public welfare whistleblower (2011), the establishment and operation law of the anti corruption and national rights and interests Commission, which limits the reporting object to the corruption of public officials. The act of failure has certain limitations, and the protection law of the public welfare informant is extended to the public and the private sector, which adapts to the needs of the social development and helps to combat the illegal and criminal acts of enterprises. Since the promulgation of the protection law, the number of reporting cases in South Korea has doubled, the number of the reporting cases in Korea has doubled, and the number of citizens has doubled. More dare to report, more brave to fight against public interests, and play a major role in the formation of a clean and transparent society. This article studies the South Korean public welfare report system with the view of South Korea's public welfare report protection law. The text is divided into 4 chapters. Chapter 1 is about the concept, characteristics and public welfare report of public welfare report. And the significance of the public welfare reporting system, the production of South Korean public welfare reporting system and the legislative process of the protection law of public welfare whistleblower. The second chapter analyzes the framework system and the content of the public welfare reporting system in Korea, including the subject of reporting, the object of reporting, the way of reporting, the treatment of reporting, the protection of the whistleblower. The third chapter mainly discusses the problems and shortcomings of the reporting system in Korea, including the scope of the reporting object, the lack of the right to investigate and the supervision of the national rights and interests Committee, the procedural problems after the report, the protection of the whistleblower and the imperfection of the penalties. At last, it introduces the background and legal basis of the reporting system in China, and analyzes the problems of the reporting system in China, including the lack of independent reporting and accepting institutions, the lack of standardized reporting procedures, the lack of perfect reporting mechanism, low reporting operation transparency, lack of effective supervision and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of the protection law put forward their own views on the improvement of the reporting system in China. First, our country should formulate a special protection law of the whistleblower, further promote the legal, standardized and systematized reporting system. Second, set up a reporting authority and ensure that it enjoys the independent investigation and supervision. Third, establish a perfect network. Network reporting system. Fourth, promote real name reporting and establish a strict confidentiality system. Fifth, improve reporting incentive and guarantee system.
At present, our country has not formulated a special protection law for whistleblowers, while the United States, Britain, Korea, Japan and other countries have already issued relevant laws. The shortcomings of the reporting system in our country restrict the in-depth development of the reporting work. The provisions of the report should not be scattered in the laws and regulations and some normative documents, and the special whistleblowers are formulated. To protect the law, standardize the mechanism of reporting relief, guarantee and restriction, guarantee the realization of the rights of the citizens to report, and strengthen the supervision of the crimes against the law and discipline. It is of great significance to the harmonious stability of the society and the people's peace and work. The improvement has certain reference significance.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D931.26;DD912.1

【参考文献】