两步溶液法制备钙钛矿太阳电池及其对光伏性能影响的研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 03:42

  本文选题：PbI_2·NMP + CH_3NH_3PbI_(3-x)Br_x　； 参考：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：钙钛矿太阳电池是近年来学术界研究的热点之一,钙钛矿吸收层是钙钛矿太阳电池的主要组成部分之一,对其光伏性能具有重要的影响。本论文通过分批加入PbI2和NMP、重复PbI2溶解和NMP加入操作、保持PbI2过量以防止PbI2·NMP2生成的方法(即重复PbI2溶解-NMP加入循环法),成功配制了 1.9 mol·dm-3高浓度的PbI2·NMP复合物前驱体溶液,并用两步溶液法转化相应PbI2·NMP复合物薄膜制备高厚度、全覆盖、大颗粒、Br掺杂的CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx薄膜,组装了结构为FTO/c-Ti02/CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx/spiro-OMeTAD/Au的平板钙钛矿太阳电池。系统研究了两步溶液法转化制备钙钛矿薄膜过程中,PbI2·NMP复合物前驱体溶液的浓度、转化温度与转化时间、混合卤甲铵异丙醇溶液中CH3NH3Br含量对所得CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx薄膜的化学组成、光学吸收、晶相、微结构的影响,并比较了与平板钙钛矿太阳电池的关系。结果表明,采用重复PbI2溶解-NMP加入循环法可成功配制高浓度的PbI2·NMP复合物前驱体溶液,且随着PbI2·NMP复合物前驱体溶液浓度从1.5 mol·dm-3增加到1.7 mol·dm-3、1.9 mol·dm-3时,PbI2·NMP复合物薄膜的厚度从347 nm增加到382 nm、508 nm,相应的 CH3NH3PbI3_xBrx 薄膜的厚度从 444 nm 增加到 538 nm、596 nm;基于1.9 mol·dm 3的PbI2·NMP复合物前驱体溶液所得CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx薄膜的厚度最厚,基于1.9 mol·dm-33的PbI2·NMP复合物前驱体溶液的平板钙钛矿太阳电池在空气相对湿度为50～54%下获得了 12.13%的最高光电转换效率和11.90±0.49%的平均光电转换效率:当转化温度从100 ℃升高至120 ℃、140 ℃时,转化时间从40 min降低到20min、10min,CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx薄膜的结晶度逐渐增强,钙钛矿颗粒大小从～250 nm增大至～500 nm、～800 nm,基于转化温度和转化时间为140 ℃ 10 min组装的平板钙钛矿太阳电池在空气相对湿度为50～54%下获得了 13.56%的最高光电转换效率和12.46±1.10%的平均光电转换效率;CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx薄膜中Br的含量随着混合卤甲铵异丙醇溶液中Br含量的增加呈线性增长,且CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx薄膜中Br含量的增长慢于混合卤甲铵异丙醇溶液中Br含量的增长,随着CH3NH3Br含量的增加,CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx薄膜的吸收开端蓝移,(110)晶面CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx衍射峰位置向2θ增大的方向发生位移,使用CH3NH3Br/CH3NH3I物质的量之比为10/90的混合卤甲铵异丙醇溶液可制备的高结晶度、颗粒边界少的CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx薄膜,相应平板钙钛矿太阳电池获得了 14.88%的最高光电转换效率和14.21±0.67%的平均光电转换效率。
[Abstract]:Perovskite solar cells are one of the hot topics in academic research in recent years. Perovskite absorption layer is one of the main components of perovskite solar cells, which has an important impact on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. In this paper, by adding PbI2 and NMP in batches, repeated PbI2 dissolution and NMP addition operations, keeping PbI2 excess to prevent PbI2 NMP2 generation (i.e. repeated PbI2 dissolution-NMP addition cycle method), a 1.9 mol dm-3 high concentration PbI2 NMP complex precursor solution was prepared successfully. CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx thin films with high thickness, full coverage and large particles doped with Br were prepared by two-step solution conversion of corresponding PbI2 NMP composite films. The flat perovskite solar cells with FTO/c-Ti02/CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx/spiro-OMeTAD/Au structure were assembled. The concentration of PbI2 NMP complex precursor solution, conversion temperature and conversion time, the chemical composition and optical absorption of CH3NH3Br in mixed Halogenumethylammonium isopropanol solution during the two-step solution conversion of perovskite thin films were systematically studied. The effect of crystal phase and microstructure on the relationship with flat perovskite solar cells was compared. The results showed that high concentration of PbI2 NMP complex precursor solution could be successfully prepared by repeated PbI2 solution-NMP addition cycle method. When the concentration of PbI2 NMP precursor solution increased from 1.5 mol dm-3 to 1.7 mol dm-31.9 mol dm-3, the thickness of PbI2 NMP composite film increased from 347nm to 382nmNM, and the corresponding thickness of CH3NH3PbI3_xBrx film increased from 444nm to 538nmNm; PbI2 NMP based on 1.9 mol dm _ 3 increased the thickness of PBI _ 2 composite film from 347nm to 382nm. The thickness of CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx film obtained from the solution of complex precursor is the thickest. The flat perovskite solar cells based on 1.9 mol dm-33 PbI2 NMP complex precursor solution obtained the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 12.13% and the average photoelectric conversion efficiency of 11.90 卤0.49% at air relative humidity of 50 ~ 54%. When the conversion temperature was raised from 100 鈩，

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