清末济南商埠区商事法制研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 05:16

本文选题：济南 + 商埠　；参考：《山东师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 历史上的济南作为山东地方行政权力网络中的中心枢纽是一个典型的封建政治型、消费型城市。在整个中国处于历史转型期的二十世纪初,济南也开始了自己的城市现代化进程。在清政府制定的“自开商埠”方针指导下,1904年济南自主开埠,成为第一个自开商埠的省会城市。自开商埠成了济南城市现代化的历史起点。开埠及随之而来的通商贸易给济南传统经济注入了新的资源。开埠通商促进了济南城市商业、金融的现代化变迁,同时为现代工业的产生和发展从市场和资金两方面创造了条件,济南开始了城市转型的进程。随着商埠区经济贸易的发展,济南的现代民商事法制也得到了充分的发展,积累了大量的文献资料及实践经验。本文即是在这一基础上系统的梳理这一时期济南商埠区之商事法制。在完整的再现济南开埠至清末的民商事法制之基础上,汲取其中的经验教训,为当前以及今后一个时期济南的开发区民商事法制提供历史经验。本文主要分七个部分分析了清末商埠区法制的进程。首先结合晚清自开商埠的潮流,分析了国内开埠通商的大局、山东面对胶济铁路即将通车德国的势力即将深入山东内陆的现实以及济南作为一个封建制城市需要进行现代化建设的需求。总结出济南开埠通商的政治、经济、文化原因。在确定了开埠通商的目标以后,山东当局以袁世凯和周馥为主导奏请清廷将济南、周村、潍县一并开辟为商埠。第二部分为商埠区法制规划。在商埠区法制建设规划阶段,山东当局主要确定了四个关键问题。第一是开埠位置的划定,将选择在济南城外另辟区域开埠通商;第二在济南开埠章程制定方面将主要参照“直隶秦王岛、福建三都澳、湖南岳州府”等已开商埠地区的经验及济南的现实进行;第三在管辖权设置方面,潍县、周村作为济南分关存在,统归济南商埠管理;最后,商埠开办章程的制定需要“督饬山东司道并东海关、胶海关各监督、税司等妥议”,不能由当局单独决定。以此原则为基础经过了一年的酝酿,最终颁布了开办三章程——《济南商埠开办章程》、《济南商埠租建章程》和《济南商埠巡警章程》。这是济南商埠区初创时期的三个基础性立法文件,三章程共同协调发挥作用为济南商埠区的招商引资确定了基调,奠定了基础。作为一个刚刚开埠通商地区来说,济南政府的商事法制经验几乎为零,在这样的前提下,如何让开办三章程很好的运作,如何让济南商埠区的发展经济的目的得到实现是摆在山东当局面前的难题。接下来的三个部分为并列关系,从三个方面分析了济南商埠区商事法制。第一是商事立法。主要包括三个部分,首先是在清末开埠通商的大背景下,清廷关于商业发展的立法;其次是山东当局针对济南、周村、潍县三地开埠通商制定的立法文件;最后是主要针对济南商埠区的开办三章程。第二是商会法制。在清末商事法律发展的过程中,虽然有清廷大量的立法文件的存在。但是在推行的过程中,由于晚清的商事立法存在僵硬照搬西方法律制度漠视中国商事习惯的情况,所以难以发挥实践作用。在这样的现实下,商会作为最广泛的联系商户的组织在商埠区的运行中也发挥了不可忽视的作用。最后是非正式制度对商埠区商事法制的影响。在济南商埠区的初创阶段,共有四种对商埠区法制产生影响的非正式制度。首先是外国商户。随着开埠的进行,大量外国商户涌入济南,他们凭借强大的资金背景及丰富的商事活动经验强势入住,影响着商埠区的商事习惯;其次是教会。清末教会组织大量在中国传教,他们通过著书立说和开办学校,向我国人民宣传先进的西方文化,尤其是先进的西方法律思想。思想的碰撞与交流在一定程度上影响了商埠区的法制建设进程;第三是帮派性质组织的影响。在济南商埠区,有一个帮派性质的组织占据了商埠区的一部分区域建设“新市场”,为商埠区的小商户的发展及居民的日常生活做出了贡献;最后是形成规模的商户对商事法制的影响。论文接下来综合分析了商事法制对于商埠区建设的影响,做了一个比较全面的实效性分析。最后一部分分析了初创阶段商埠区法制的成就、特点及局限性。在肯定成绩的基础上为将来的发展做了铺垫。总之,济南商埠区的初创阶段,对于商事法制来说是一个从无到有的发展阶段。各种势力在此碰撞,成熟的幼稚的、外来的本土的、先进的落后的,在碰撞的过程中互相影响,本着发展建设商埠区这一个大目标共同进步,对日后商埠区的发展奠定了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:Ji'nan, as the central hub of the local administrative power network in Shandong, is a typical feudal political and consumer city. In the early twentieth Century of the historical transition period in China, Ji'nan began its own process of urban modernization. Under the guidance of the "self opening commercial port" policy made by the Qing government, Ji'nan was in 1904. The opening of the port has become the first provincial capital city from the commercial port. The opening of the commercial port has become the historical starting point for the modernization of the city of Ji'nan. The opening of the port and the following trade trade have injected new resources into the traditional economy of Ji'nan. The opening of the port has promoted the city commerce of Ji'nan, the modernization of the finance, and the emergence and development of modern industry from the city. Ji'nan and the two aspects of capital created conditions, and the process of urban transformation began.
With the development of economic and trade in the commercial port area, the modern civil and commercial legal system of Ji'nan has also been fully developed and accumulated a lot of literature and practical experience. On this basis, this article systematically combs the commercial legal system of the Ji'nan commercial port area in this period, and on the basis of a complete reappearance of the civil and commercial legal system in the late Qing Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, Draw lessons from it, and provide historical experience for the present and future development of Ji'nan's civil and commercial legal system.
This paper analyzes the process of the legal system in the commercial port area of the late Qing Dynasty in seven parts. First, it analyzes the overall situation of the opening of the port in the late Qing Dynasty, and analyzes the overall situation of the opening of the port in China. In the face of the fact that the power of Germany is about to go into the inland of Shandong, Shandong will need to be modernized as a feudal city in Ji'nan. Demand. Summarizes the political, economic and cultural reasons for Ji'nan's opening port trade.
After determining the goal of opening ports, the Shandong authorities took Yuan Shikai and Zhou Fu as the leading role. The Qing Court opened Ji'nan, Zhoucun and Weixian into commercial ports.
The second part is the legal planning of the commercial port area. In the stage of the legal construction and planning of the commercial port district, the Shandong authorities have identified four key issues. The first is the demarcation of the opening position, which will choose to open the port and open up business in the other region outside the Ji'nan city; second in Ji'nan's opening regulations will be mainly referred to as "Zhili Qin Wang Island, Fujian San Du Australia, Hunan Yue Yue" State capital and so on has already opened the experience of the commercial port area and the reality of Ji'nan; third in the jurisdiction setting, Wei County, Zhoucun as the Ji'nan customs clearance existence, unified the Ji'nan commercial port management; finally, the establishment of the commercial port regulations need to "supervise Shandong Division Road and East customs, glue customs supervision, tax department and so on", can not be decided by the authorities alone.
On the basis of this principle, after a year's brewing, the three articles of Association - the constitution of the Ji'nan commercial port, the Charter of the commercial port of Ji'nan and the articles of association of the Ji'nan commercial port patrol are more than. This is the three basic legislative document of the initial period of the Ji'nan commercial port area, and the joint coordination of the three constitution plays a role in attracting investment and investment for the Ji'nan commercial port area. Set the tone, laying the foundation.
As a newly opened port, the commercial legal experience of the Ji'nan government is almost zero. Under this premise, how to make the three charter run well and how to make the economic development of the Ji'nan commercial port area be realized is a difficult problem in front of the Shandong authorities. The next three parts are parallel relations, from three The commercial legal system of Ji'nan commercial port area is analyzed.
The first is the commercial legislation. It mainly includes three parts, first of all, under the big background of the opening and opening up of the port in the late Qing Dynasty, the legislation of the commercial development of the Qing court; secondly, the legislative documents made by the Shandong authorities for the opening and opening up of the ports in Ji'nan, Zhoucun and Wei County, and the last of the three articles of Association for the Ji'nan commercial port area.
The second is the legal system of the chamber of Commerce. In the course of the development of the commercial law in the late Qing Dynasty, although there are a large number of legislative documents in the Qing court, in the process of implementation, the commercial legislation in the late Qing Dynasty is rigid and indifferent to the customs of Chinese commercial affairs in the western legal system, so it is difficult to play the role of practice. The organization of the most widely connected merchants has also played an important role in the operation of the commercial port area.
In the first stage of Ji'nan commercial port district, there are four kinds of informal institutions that affect the legal system of the commercial port area. First, the foreign merchants. With the opening of the port, a large number of foreign merchants poured into Ji'nan, and they have strong experience with strong financial background and rich business activities. Occupancy affects business customs of the commercial port area; second is the church. In the end of the Qing Dynasty, church organizations were missionary in China. By writing books and starting schools, they propagate advanced western culture to our people, especially advanced western legal ideas. The collision and exchange of ideas influenced the process of legal construction in the commercial port area to a certain extent; The third is the influence of the Gang nature organization. In the Ji'nan commercial port area, a gang nature organization occupies a part of the commercial port area to build a "new market", contributes to the development of small merchants in the commercial port area and the daily life of the residents; finally, it is the influence of the scale merchants on the commercial legal system.
The thesis then analyzes the influence of the commercial legal system on the construction of the commercial port area, and makes a comprehensive analysis of the actual effect. The last part analyses the achievements, characteristics and limitations of the legal system in the initial stage of the commercial port area, and has made a padding for the future development on the basis of the affirmation of the achievements.
In a word, the initial stage of the Ji'nan commercial port area is a stage of development for the commercial legal system. Various forces collide here, mature immature, foreign native, advanced and backward, influence each other in the process of collision, and make progress in the development and construction of the commercial port area. The exhibition laid a solid foundation.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929;D922.29

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