法国法治现代化经验及当代启示

发布时间：2018-06-12 06:59

本文选题：法国 + 法治现代化　；参考：《山西大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：法国大革命胜利后,封建势力受到了沉重的打击,为法国资本主义的发展奠定了良好的基础。这一时期,在经济上,法国出现了大机器生产的工厂,法国资本主义经济开始了发展,法国经济上的发展必然带动法国城市的发展。在这样的城市化进程中,人们之间靠契约关系生存,形成了人们之间追求平等的、追逐个人利益的满足的社会模式。在这种环境下,法国必须通过法律来保障资本主义经济的发展和政治的稳定,这也为法国法治现代化的发展提供了经济基础和稳定的社会条件。在法国的政治体制层面上,经过法国大革命的洗礼,法国的政体从君主立宪制到第三共和国宪法的制定,法国共和政权最终确立,也就是在这段时期,人们追求自由和平等的呼声越来越高,法国政府通过一系列的法典化巩固了资产阶级政权,促进了法国法治的现代化发展。在思想观念上,法国在18世纪兴起了启蒙运动,使资产阶级从宗教神学和封建专制思想的禁锢中得以解放,理性主义思潮涌现,人们开始追求天赋人权和个人权利,从而为资本主义的发展提供了精神支柱,有力的推动了法国的法治现代化发展。20世纪50年代,随着欧盟一体化的形成,实现了商品、资金、人员的自由流动。法国于1958年申请加入,促进了法国经济上的长足发展,也必然导致政治关系的变化,建立了国际政治经济安全新格局,世界向多元化发展,法国在这样的世界大环境下,法律必须完善,法国的法治现代化必须往前迈进。法国法治现代化启动于19世纪末,在如今仍然在向前发展。基于各国在历史文化背景、动力机制及在处理和解决由传统向现代发展过程中的各种复杂的矛盾关系时的价值选择不同,从而形成了不同的发展模式。就法国而言,法国法治现代化具有典型的先发特征,是内生型、传统变异型、个人权利本位型、形式合理与价值合理并重发展的统一法治现代化模式。通过对法国法治现代化进程的研究,我国的法治现代化的实现需要对法国进行借鉴学习,去其糟粕,取其精华。完善我国的法律体系,培育我国公民的现代化精神,争取尽快实现我国的法治现代化目标。本篇论文运用比较分析、列举和历史研究的方法,从法国法治现代化的起因入手,着重分析了法国法治现代化的进程和模式,并指出中国的法治现代化发展中的不足,提出了完善我国法治现代化的方法和建议。除引言和结论外,论文的主要内容包括四个部分。第一部分重点阐述法国法治现代化的起因,论述法国法治现代化与工业革命的内在关系以及法国政治制度与现代化的关系；论述法国颁布单行法以后社会法律的发展情况；论述法国加入欧盟以后法国法治现代化的发展情况并阐述法国法律发展过程的现代化因素。第二部分从法国法治现代化的进程着手,对法国法治现代化的历史发展过程进行阐述。论述法国法治现代化启动时期定于商业资本主义发展时期的原因以及这一时期法国法治的发展状况；紧接着论述它何时加速发展起来的,这一时期法治现代化的具体表现在哪些方面,是如何加速法国的现代化进程的；最后论述1980年以后法国法治的发展,得出法国法治现代化发展是一个自上而下渐进发展的过程。第三部分从法国法治现代化的经验角度,分析了法国法治现代化的模式选择以及政治制度发生的重大变化的原因。对这一部分的研究是运用科学分析法和比较法进行的,为更好的探究中国的法治现代化发展道路提供借鉴和帮助。研究为何法国走上内发型法治发展模式,而中国走上外发型模式,对这两者存在的不同之处应该如何认识。第四部分是在对前三部分进行充分剖析的基础上来探究中国的法治现代化所存在的问题,以寻找解决中国法治现代化发展道路上出现的问题。研究中国与法国比起来,缺乏哪些现代化法治精神,中国应该如何面对如何培育中国公民的现代化法治精神。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the French Revolution, the feudal forces suffered a heavy blow and laid a good foundation for the development of French capitalism. In this period, in the economy, France had a large machine production plant, the French capitalist economy began to develop, the French economic development was bound to drive the development of the French city. In such a city, In the process of the transformation, people survive by contract relations and form a social model for the pursuit of equality and the pursuit of the satisfaction of individual interests. In this environment, France must guarantee the development of capitalist economy and political stability through the law. This also provides the economic basis and stability for the development of the French law governing modernization. In the French political system, in the French political system, after the baptism of the French Revolution, the French regime was formulated from the constitutional monarchy to the constitution of the Third Republic, and the French republican regime was finally established. In this period, the voice of the people in pursuit of freedom and equality became more and more high, and the French government was consolidated through a series of codification. The bourgeois regime has promoted the modernization of the French rule of law. In the ideological concept, the enlightenment movement was sprang up in eighteenth Century to liberate the bourgeoisie from the confinement of religious theology and feudal autocratic thought. The trend of rationalism emerged, and people began to pursue the rights of talented people and individual rights, thus raising the development of capitalism. It provided the spiritual support and promoted the modernization of the rule of law in France in the 50s of the.20 century. With the formation of the integration of the European Union, the free flow of goods, funds and personnel was realized. In 1958, the application of France promoted the rapid economic development of France and the change of political relations and established the international political and economic security. In a new world and pluralistic development of the world, France must improve its law in such a world environment and France's modernization of rule of law must move forward.
The rule of law in France is started at the end of the nineteenth Century and is still developing at the end of the nineteenth Century. Based on the historical and cultural background of the country, the dynamic mechanism and the different value choices when dealing with and solving the complex contradictory relations from traditional to modern development, different development models have been formed. It is a unified rule of law modernization model with typical first hair characteristics, which is endogenous, traditional variant, individual rights standard, rational form and value rational development. Through the study of the process of French modernization in France, the realization of the modernization of the rule of law in our country needs to learn from the law country, go to its dross, take its essence and improve it. The legal system of our country should foster the spirit of modernization of our citizens and strive to achieve the goal of modernization of the rule of law as soon as possible.
This paper uses comparative analysis, enumerating and historical research methods, starting with the cause of the modernization of the rule of law in France, focuses on the analysis of the process and mode of the modernization of the rule of law in France, and points out the shortcomings in the development of the modernization of the rule of law in China, and puts forward the methods and suggestions to improve the modernization of the rule of law in China. The content includes four parts.
The first part focuses on the origin of the French rule of law modernization, discusses the internal relations between the French rule of law and the industrial revolution, and the relationship between the French political system and the modernization, expounds the development of the social law after the French promulgation of the single line law, and expounds the development of the French rule of law in France after the French entry into the EU and expounds the development of the French rule of law. Modern factors in the process of French law development.
The second part begins with the process of the French modernization of the rule of law, expounds the historical development process of the French rule of law modernization, expounds the reasons for the development period of the French rule of law in the period of the development of commercial capitalism and the development of the French rule of law in this period, and then discusses the time to accelerate the development of the French rule of law. In what aspects, the concrete manifestation of the modernization of the rule of law is how to accelerate the process of modernization in France. Finally, the development of the French rule of law after 1980 is discussed, and the development of the modernization of the French rule of law is a process of progressive development from the top to the bottom.
The third part, from the perspective of the French rule of law modernization, analyzes the mode selection of the French rule of law modernization and the cause of the major changes in the political system. The research on this part is carried out by using the scientific analysis method and comparison method, and provides a reference and help for the better exploration of the road of the modernization of the rule of law in China. Why France has embarked on the internal rule of law development model, and China's embarking on the external hairpin mode, how to understand the differences between the two.
The fourth part is to explore the problems existing in the modernization of the rule of law in China on the basis of the full analysis of the first three parts, in order to find out the problems on the road to the modernization of the rule of law in China, and to study the lack of modern rule of law in China and France, and how China should face how to cultivate Chinese citizens. The spirit of modernizing the rule of law.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D956.5

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