水利工程环境影响评价法制研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 20:38

本文选题：水利工程 + 环境影响评价　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,水利工程引起的环境问题日益受到人们的关注。研究表明,人类对水资源的利用并不总是有利的,水利工程对环境的影响越来越明显。水利工程的建设意味着是对整个河流流域内资源、生态、环境因素的整体改变,必然带来对环境的影响。国际上愈来愈多的水利工程潜在的隐患突显出来,有的已对环境产生了灾难性的影响。基于此,对水利工程的环境影响评价越来越受重视,国际大坝会议连续几届的主题都是环境影响问题,各国环境保护部门和生态学界也开始日益关注水利工程建设引发的环境问题。我国虽然建立了环境影响评价法制,但是由于水利工程建设项目对经济发展的重大作用,我们没能严格执行环境影响评价法制,而且人们对环境的重要性缺乏足够认识,地方政府往往为了工程项目的巨大经济利益或地方政绩而不重视环境影响评价法制。我国调整水利工程建设的环境法制比较分散,没有专门的水利工程环境影响评价法律,没有建立有效的监督机制,而且环境法律大多是“软法”,执行起来比较困难,未能实现在水利工程建设中预期的作用。通过对水利工程和环境影响评价基本概念的阐述、国内外典型的水利工程环境影响案例的介绍、以及对水利工程环境问题的研究,我们必须关注环境影响评价制度在水利工程建设中的作用,任何情况下都不能以牺牲环境为代价,兴建水利工程,来发展经济。考察研究国外的环境影响评价法制,它们拥有完备的环境影响评价法律体系和科学的环境影响评价的保障机制以及较强的公众参与环境影响评价的意识。通过与我国水利工程环境影响评价法制的比较,从中找到我国环境影响评价法制建设和实施方面的“短肋”和落后之处。我国必须建立完善的水利工程环境影响评价法制和完善的法的运行保障机制来改善水利工程的环境影响问题。在研究环境影响评价制度时,不应局限于水利工程建设之前的环境影响评价,而应该把它作为水利工程项目每个阶段都应遵循的评价制度和环境保护方式,鉴于水利工程建设对于环境影响的深远,我们必须从可持续发展的战略眼光看待水利工程的环境影响评价。为此,有的学者提出了战略环境影响评价制度。环境影响跟踪评价和后评价制度,将环境影响评价法制落实到规划执行和建设项目运行的整个过程中。因而,随着环境影响评价法制理论研究的成熟,在水利工程项目的每个阶段都执行环境影响评价是必然的发展趋势。我国水利工程环境影响评价法制的构建势在必行。首先要对水利工程存在的整个过程中涉及各方主体的法律责任进行设计,通过立法来规范水利工程全部参与人的环保义务,让所有主体共同形成一个环境保护责任体系,这是水利工程环境影响评价法制中的基础部分。从普通公民的环境权利、环境义务、环境热情、法律保障等方面出发,来参与水利工程的环境影响评价工作和司法救济工作,建立公众参与机制、水利工程环境影响评价的环境公益诉讼制度和司法审查制度,从水利工程环境影响评价立法、执法、司法方面,确保水利工程环境影响评价法制的有效实施,实现我国水利工程项目经济、社会和环境三大效益长期可持续发展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the environmental problems caused by water conservancy projects have been paid more and more attention. The research shows that the utilization of water resources is not always favorable, and the impact of water conservancy projects on the environment is becoming more and more obvious. The construction of water conservancy projects means the overall change of the resources, the state of life and the environmental factors in the whole river basin, which inevitably brings the environment to the environment. More and more potential hidden dangers of water conservancy projects are highlighted in the world. Some of them have had a disastrous impact on the environment.
Based on this, the environmental impact assessment of water conservancy projects has been paid more and more attention. The theme of the international dam conference is environmental impact. The environmental protection departments and the ecological circles in various countries are beginning to pay more attention to the environmental problems caused by the construction of water conservancy projects. Although the environmental impact assessment system has been established in China, the water conservancy project is due to the water conservancy project. The important role of construction projects for economic development is that we can not strictly enforce the environmental impact assessment system, and people lack enough understanding of the importance of the environment. The local government often does not pay attention to the environmental impact assessment law for the great economic benefits of the project or the local political achievements. More decentralized, no special water conservancy project environmental impact assessment law, no effective supervision mechanism, and environmental law is mostly "soft law", it is difficult to carry out the implementation of the expected role in the construction of water conservancy projects.
Through the exposition of the basic concepts of water conservancy projects and environmental impact assessment, the introduction of the typical environmental impact cases of water conservancy projects at home and abroad, and the research on the environmental problems of water conservancy projects, we must pay attention to the role of the environmental impact assessment system in the construction of water conservancy projects. In any case, water can not be built at the expense of the environment at the expense of the construction of water. Benefit the project to develop the economy.
Investigation and study of the legal system of environmental impact assessment abroad, they have complete environmental impact assessment legal system and scientific environmental impact assessment system, as well as the strong public participation in environmental impact assessment. Through comparison with the environmental impact assessment system of water conservancy projects in China, we find the environmental impact assessment method in China. The construction and implementation of the "short ribs" and backwardness in the construction and implementation of the system, China must establish a perfect environmental impact assessment system for water conservancy projects and a perfect operation guarantee mechanism of law to improve the environmental impact of water conservancy projects.
In the study of the environmental impact assessment system, it should not be limited to the environmental impact assessment before the construction of water conservancy projects, but should be regarded as the evaluation system and environmental protection mode that should be followed in each stage of water conservancy projects. In view of the profound environmental impact of the construction of water conservancy projects, we must look at the strategic vision of sustainable development. For this reason, some scholars put forward the system of strategic environmental impact assessment, environmental impact assessment and post evaluation system, and implement the environmental impact assessment system in the whole process of planning implementation and construction project operation. It is an inevitable trend to implement environmental impact assessment at every stage of the project.
It is imperative to establish the legal system of environmental impact assessment of water conservancy projects in China. First, we should design the legal responsibility of all the parties involved in the whole process of water conservancy projects, standardize the environmental protection obligations of all the participants in water conservancy projects through legislation, and let all the subjects form a system of environmental protection jointly. This is a water conservancy project. The basic part of the legal system of environmental impact assessment is to participate in environmental impact assessment and judicial relief work of water conservancy projects, establish public participation mechanism, environmental public interest litigation system and judicial review system of water conservancy project environmental impact assessment from the aspects of environmental rights, environmental obligations, environmental enthusiasm and legal guarantee of ordinary citizens. Degree, from the water conservancy project environmental impact assessment of legislation, law enforcement, judicial, to ensure the effective implementation of the water conservancy project environmental impact assessment system, to achieve the economic, social and environmental three long-term sustainable development of water conservancy projects in China.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F426.91

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