中世纪英国司法权的转变

发布时间：2018-06-29 06:47

本文选题：司法权 + 转变　；参考：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：司法制度是一个国家政治文明的重要标志。纵观当今世界上各个国家司法制度的发展历程,英国作为比较早就踏上近代文明化道路的国家,其司法制度在整个国家体制和法律发展史上的地位和作用是其他国家所不可比拟的。中世纪时英国所经历的特殊历史环境造就了英国司法的独特发展道路。盎格鲁-萨克逊时期英国司法权是一种社会性的权力,它的所有权在民众的手中,是一种“民众司法”。因为在中世纪早期,司法权只是一种消极性的国家权力,它要做的就是“因需而动”、“有求才应”。也就是说,只有当出现法律争端并且接到当事人的正式请求,并需要作出明确裁断时,司法制度才启动运行。到了诺曼征服之后,威廉一世想要把王权的触角伸向社会的各个方面,逐渐开始将司法权一步步地向中央集中,于是普通法与衡平法应运而生。但是由于英国特殊的历史环境所造就的民主遗风的影响,国王不可能如其所愿,所以一批具有法律专业知识的法官成为了国王的代理人,英国的司法模式逐渐转向了“法官司法”。这里笔者试图从英国司法发展的背景中来探讨英国的司法权是如何从盎格鲁-萨克逊时期的民众司法一步步转变为中世纪中后期的法官司法的。对于司法权本身来说,它不仅是教人们如何使用法律知识,也不应该仅仅是解决了社会中的各项矛盾,它更致力于建构一个更加合理的政治局面。所以,本文还分析了中世纪英国司法权转变的过程对英国王权、公民和法治文明的影响。
[Abstract]:The judicial system is an important symbol of a country's political civilization. Throughout the development of the judicial systems of various countries in the world today, Britain, as a country that set foot on the road of modern civilization earlier, Its judicial system in the whole national system and legal history of the status and role is unparalleled by other countries. The special historical environment that England experienced in the Middle Ages made a unique way for the development of British justice. Anglo-Saxon British judicial power is a social power, its ownership in the hands of the people, is a "popular justice". Because in the early Middle Ages, judicial power was only a kind of negative state power. In other words, the judicial system is only operational when there is a legal dispute and a formal request from the parties is received, and a clear determination is required. After the Norman Conquest, William I wanted to extend the tentacles of Wang Quan to all aspects of society and gradually began to centralize judicial power step by step, so the common law and equity came into being. But because of the influence of the legacy of democracy created by the special historical environment of England, the king could not do what he wanted, so a group of judges with legal expertise became the king's agent. The judicial model of Britain has gradually shifted to the judicial system of judges. In this paper, the author tries to discuss how the judicial power in England has been transformed from the civil justice in Anglo-Saxon period to the judge in the middle and late Middle Ages from the background of the judicial development in England. For judicial power itself, it is not only to teach people how to use legal knowledge, nor should it only solve the contradictions in society, but also to construct a more reasonable political situation. Therefore, this paper also analyzes the influence of the transformation of judicial power in medieval England on the British Wang Quan, citizens and the civilization of the rule of law.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K561.3;D956.1

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