静电纺丝法制备三层复合小口径人工血管

发布时间：2018-07-03 04:42

本文选题：静电纺丝 + 血管支架　；参考：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,心脑血管疾病发病率极高,严重危害人类的生命健康,成为三大杀手之一。针对此类疾病临床上大多采用血管移植的方法治疗,由于异体血管之间存在排斥现象,而自体血管存在各种各样的问题也很难成为移植血管。因此制备具有高力学性能、高畅通率、良好生物相容性以及利于细胞粘附和生长的人工血管成为争相研究的热点。采用静电纺丝法制备的纤维直径分布可从几十纳米到几微米,同时具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、孔径分布较宽等优点,采用该方法制备的纤维能够模拟人体细胞外基质的三维结构,被广泛的应用于人工血管支架的制备方面。本文采用聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚乳酸(PLA)和聚氨酯(PU)为原料,丙酮(Acetone),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),四氢呋喃(THF)和三氯甲烷(TCM)为溶剂,采用静电纺丝技术制备三层复合小口径血管支架,并在血管内层载有抗凝血的药物肝素钠。本实验通过对收集装置进行改进,采用了自制的收集装置,制备的复合小口径血管支架包括自内向外依次紧密排列的三层:内层是由静电纺丝法制备的平行于轴向取向的混合纤维组成的管状支架,与血液流动方向一致,减少血液流动的阻力,且利于内皮细胞的生长粘附;中间层是由静电纺丝法制备的垂直于轴向取向的混合纤维组成的管状支架,具有力学支撑作用;外层由静电纺丝法制备的无规纤维组成的管状支架,增强人工血管的力学性能,具有良好的生物相容性。本实验通过静电纺丝的方法制备了内径分别为2mm,4mm和6mm的人工血管支架,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)、万能拉伸试验机等测试仪器分析了三层复合人工血管的形貌特征以及力学性能。结果表明,本方法制备的不同口径的血管支架具有孔隙率高、弹性好、良好的生物相容性等优点,并能够大量生产。该三层血管支架在医学临床的血管移植领域有广阔而深远的应用前景。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is very high, seriously endangering human life and health, becoming one of the three killers. For these diseases, most of them are treated by vascular transplantation. Because of the rejection between the allogeneic blood vessels, various problems of autogenous blood vessels are difficult to be grafted blood vessels. Therefore, the preparation of artificial blood vessels with high mechanical properties, high flow rate, good biocompatibility and good cell adhesion and growth has become a hot topic. The diameter distribution of the fibers prepared by electrostatic spinning can range from tens of nanometers to several microns, and has the advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area, wide pore size distribution, etc. The fibers prepared by this method can simulate the three-dimensional structure of human extracellular matrix and are widely used in the preparation of artificial vascular stent. Poly (lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA), poly (caprolactone) (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA) and polyurethane (pu) were used as raw materials, acetone (Acetone) (N-dimethylformamide), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and trichloromethane (TCM) were used as solvents. Three layers of composite small diameter vascular stents were prepared by electrospinning technique and contained anticoagulant sodium heparin in the inner layer of blood vessels. In this experiment, the collection device was improved, and the self-made collection device was adopted. The composite small diameter vascular stent consists of three layers: the inner layer is a tubular scaffold made by electrostatic spinning, parallel to the axial orientation of mixed fibers, which is consistent with the direction of blood flow. It can reduce the resistance of blood flow and facilitate the growth and adhesion of endothelial cells, and the intermediate layer is a tubular scaffold composed of perpendicular to axial orientation fibers prepared by electrostatic spinning, which has the function of mechanical support. The outer layer of tubular scaffolds made of random fibers prepared by electrostatic spinning method enhances the mechanical properties of artificial blood vessels and has good biocompatibility. In this experiment, an artificial vascular stent with an inner diameter of 2 mm or 4 mm and a diameter of 6mm was prepared by electrostatic spinning. The morphologies and mechanical properties of three layers of composite blood vessels were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and universal tensile tester. The results show that the vascular scaffolds with different caliber prepared by this method have the advantages of high porosity, good elasticity and good biocompatibility, and can be produced in large quantities. The three-layer stent has a broad and far-reaching application prospect in the field of vascular transplantation in medical clinic.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R318.1;TQ340.64

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