我国农村生态文明与环境法治建设研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 15:56

本文选题：农村生态文明 + 环境法治　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,我国农村生态环境形势十分严峻,农村生活污染、生产污染和工业污染极为严重,加上城市化的扩张和农村社会的转型,一些城市垃圾大范围的向农村倾倒,致使农村生态环境遭受更为严重的污染。这些问题已经影响了农村社会及中国整体的可持续发展,并阻碍了“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”的社会主义新农村建设进程。如果任由其发展下去,必将对我国和谐社会的构建构成威胁,从而使得人与自然和谐、可持续发展的愿望化为泡影。本文正是在当前农村生态环境发展的大形势下,在以科学发展观为指引的条件下,试图以环境法治为手段,构建美好的农村生态环境。首先,笔者对农村生态文明与环境法治的相关概念作了详尽的阐述和归纳,并在研究前人成果的基础上对生态文明、农村环境法治给出了自己的见解和看法,认为生态文明是指人类在坚持人与自然、社会和谐统一基础上而形成的各种相互关系的总和,是人与自然、社会共同发展、和谐共存的社会形态；而环境法治就是将保护环境的一系列活动和工作全部纳入到法治轨道上来,制定符合规则的规范和秩序,确保环境保护工作能够顺利推行。二者之间是相辅相成、互不可缺的依存关系。农村生态文明必须要有环境法治的制度保障；而构建农村环境法治的最终目的就是要实现农村社会的生态文明。其次,在概念确定和关系明确的基础上,笔者又从马克思主义生态环境法治观、邓小平环境法治思想以及科学发展观等重要的理论基础出发,探究农村生态文明建设与环境法治的理论渊源和深刻内涵,揭示出我国当前农村生态环境治理的理论根基,从而在坚实的理论指导下,顺利实现农村生态文明的环境法治建设。马克思、恩格斯早在工业革命时期就已经预测环境问题是事关人类生存和发展的大问题,并指出人类不能一味的掠夺和占有生态环境,而是必须要与自然和谐相处,只有这样才能实现人与自然的和谐发展；邓小平从环境法治的角度出发,在坚持马克思主义生态环境观的基础上,主张必须要建立健全环境保护法治体系,用法律制度来制约环境恶化,实现农村生态文明；科学发展观是对马克思主义生态环境思想的继承和发展,是新时期我国构建和谐社会、实现人与自然和谐相处的重要思想指引。第三,我国农村环境法治建设面临着诸多问题。实践经验都一再证明,在法治建设不健全的情形下,很难实现农村生态的可持续发展。因此,笔者主要是对当前农村环境法治存在的立法不完善、执法力度不够、司法机构存在缺陷、农村干群守法意识薄弱等问题和不足进行了阐述和分析,认为当前我国农村生态文明环境法治建设不足的原因主要是由于传统文化的桎梏、发展观念的诱致、法律意识的匮乏以及监督机制的失灵所引起。只有加强和完善农村环境法治,才能实现和谐新农村。最后,笔者针对当前的不足与问题,从立法、执法、司法、守法以及法律监督等五个方面提出了相应的解决对策和建议,指出应当健全农村生态文明环境保护的立法、严格执行农村生态文明保护的法律法规、建立健全农村环境保护的司法机制、培养农村干群的环境保护法律意识、加强农村环境法治工作的监督力度,并期望我国农村环境法治建设取得进一步的完善,从而实现农村社会的全面和谐与发展。Ⅱ
[Abstract]:At present, the situation of rural ecological environment in China is very severe, the pollution of rural life, the pollution of production and industrial pollution are extremely serious, with the expansion of urbanization and the transformation of rural society, the large scale of municipal refuse dumping to the countryside has caused the rural ecological environment to suffer more severe pollution. These problems have already affected the rural society and The sustainable development of China has hindered the construction process of the socialist new rural construction of "production and development, rich life, rural wind civilization, clean village and management democracy". If it is allowed to develop, it will threaten the construction of a harmonious society in China, thus making the desire for harmony between man and nature, and the desire for sustainable development into a bubble. Under the current situation of the development of rural ecological environment, under the condition of the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, the article tries to build a beautiful rural ecological environment with the environmental rule of law as a means.
First, the author expounds and summarizes the relevant concepts of the rural ecological civilization and the rule of law of the environment. On the basis of the study of the achievements of the predecessors, the author gives his own views and views on the ecological civilization and the rule of law in the rural environment, and holds that the ecological civilization refers to the various phases of human beings on the basis of adhering to the harmony of human beings and self and social harmony. The sum of interrelations is the social form of the common development of man and nature and society, and the harmonious coexistence of the society. Environmental rule of law is a series of activities and work to protect the environment on the track of the rule of law, formulating rules and order to ensure the smooth implementation of the environmental protection work. The two parties are complementary and mutually exclusive. The rural ecological civilization must be guaranteed by the rule of law in the environment, and the ultimate aim of constructing the rule of law in the rural environment is to realize the ecological civilization of the rural society.
Secondly, on the basis of concept determination and clear relationship, the author also explores the theoretical origin and profound connotation of rural ecological civilization construction and environmental rule of law from Marx's ecological environment rule of law view, Deng Xiaoping environmental rule of law thought and Scientific Outlook on Development and other important theoretical basis, and reveals the current rural ecological environment governance in China. Under the guidance of the solid theory, the theoretical foundation of the ecological civilization in rural areas is successfully implemented. Marx, Engels, in the period of the industrial revolution, had predicted that the environmental problem was a major issue concerning human survival and development, and pointed out that human beings could not blindly plunder and occupy the ecological environment, but must be with nature. In harmony, only in this way can the harmonious development of man and nature be realized; from the perspective of environmental rule of law and on the basis of the view of the ecological environment of Marx, Deng Xiaoping advocates the establishment and improvement of the rule of law system of environmental protection, the use of legal system to restrict the deterioration of the environment and realize the ecological civilization of the countryside; the Scientific Outlook on Development is a horse to the horse. The inheritance and development of Kyth's ecological environment thought is an important guideline for building a harmonious society and achieving harmonious coexistence between man and nature in the new era.
Third, the construction of the rule of law in rural environment in China faces many problems. The practical experience has repeatedly proved that it is difficult to achieve sustainable development of rural ecology under the condition that the construction of the rule of law is not perfect. Therefore, the author is mainly about the imperfect legislation of the current rural environmental rule of law, the insufficient enforcement of law, the defects of the judiciary and the rural masses. The reasons for the weakness of law-abiding consciousness are expounded and analyzed. The reasons for the lack of legal construction in the rural ecological civilization environment in China are mainly due to the shackles of the traditional culture, the inducement of the concept of development, the lack of legal consciousness and the failure of the supervision mechanism. Only by strengthening and perfecting the rule of law in the rural environment can we realize the rule of law in rural areas. Harmonious new countryside.
Finally, the author puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from five aspects, such as legislation, law enforcement, judicature, law-abiding and legal supervision, and points out that the legislation of ecological civilization environmental protection in rural areas should be improved, the laws and regulations on the protection of rural ecological civilization should be strictly implemented, and the judicial machine for environmental protection in rural areas should be established. In order to realize the comprehensive harmony and development of the rural society, we should cultivate the legal consciousness of the environmental protection of the rural cadres and strengthen the supervision of the work of the rule of law in the rural environment.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：X321

【引证文献】