超声及超声电化学法制备PbSe和PbS纳米材料的研究
发布时间：2018-07-28 20:48
【摘要】：纳米材料和纳米技术被誉为是21世纪“最有前途的材料”和“最具决定性的技术”。近年来,随着纳米材料技术的发展,纳米材料学科已经深入到光学、电学、磁学、生物、制药等领域。半导体纳米材料因受尺寸效应和介电域效应等特性影响,表现出不同于常规的半导体材料,在微电子器件和通讯中有着诱人的应用前景。硒化铅(PbSe)和硫化铅(PbS)半导体纳米材料因具有较大的Bohr半径(PbS 18nm、PbSe 46nm),高介电常数,高载流子迁移温度敏感带隙和良好的非线性光学性质,使得其在红外探测和红外激光中有着广阔的用途。 随着纳米技术的发展,合成纳米材料的新方法层出不穷,超声及超声电化学法是近几年来一种新颖化学制备纳米材料的方法。其在化学方法的基础上外加超声波,利用超声波的声空化作用来控制纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌。该方法能有效的控制材料尺寸,形状,分布且具有简单、快速、污染小等优点已成为制备纳米材料的一种有效方法。 本文主要包括两个部分:第一部分是综述,对纳米材料的概念、基本效应、制备方法、表征的手段等进行了简介。并且对超声法作用原理,以及其在制备纳米材料中研究进展进行了总结。第二部分是研究工作,主要在原有的基础上,通过改变实验参数,来做进一步探索。先是分别用超声及超声电化学法制备PbSe纳米粒子,通过对结果的分析讨论,指出了两者之间的差别,不同配位剂在整个过程中所起的作用,分析了反应时间、反应温度、PH值对实验结果的影响,并对实验结果进行了解释。其次用超声法制备PbS纳米棒,通过实验对比,找到了最佳反应时间,验证了聚乙二醇具有活性剂和分散剂的作用。
[Abstract]:Nanomaterials and nanotechnology are praised as "the most promising materials" and "the most decisive technologies" in the 21st century. In recent years, with the development of nanomaterials technology, nanomaterials have been in the fields of optics, electricity, magnetism, biology, pharmacy and so on. Semiconductor nanomaterials are different from conventional semiconductor materials because of their size effect and dielectric domain effect. They have attractive application prospects in microelectronic devices and communications. Lead selenide (PbSe) and lead sulfide (PbS) semiconductor nanomaterials have large Bohr radius (PbS 18 nm PbSe 46nm), high dielectric constant, high carrier transfer temperature sensitive band gap and good nonlinear optical properties. It is widely used in infrared detection and infrared laser. With the development of nanotechnology, new methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials have emerged in endlessly. Ultrasonic and ultrasonic electrochemical methods are a novel chemical method for the preparation of nanomaterials in recent years. On the basis of chemical method, ultrasonic wave was applied to control the size and morphology of nanoparticles. This method can effectively control the size, shape and distribution of materials, and has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and less pollution. It has become an effective method for the preparation of nanomaterials. This paper mainly includes two parts: the first part is a review of the concept of nanomaterials, basic effects, preparation methods, means of characterization and so on. The principle of ultrasonic method and its research progress in the preparation of nanomaterials were summarized. The second part is the research work, mainly on the basis of the original, by changing the experimental parameters to do further exploration. First, PbSe nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonic and electrochemical methods respectively. The difference between the two methods and the role of different coordination agents in the whole process were pointed out, and the reaction time was analyzed. The effect of reaction temperature and PH on the experimental results is explained. Secondly, the PbS nanorods were prepared by ultrasonic method, and the optimum reaction time was found through experimental comparison, which proved that polyethylene glycol had the functions of active agent and dispersant.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TB383.1
本文编号：2151533
[Abstract]:Nanomaterials and nanotechnology are praised as "the most promising materials" and "the most decisive technologies" in the 21st century. In recent years, with the development of nanomaterials technology, nanomaterials have been in the fields of optics, electricity, magnetism, biology, pharmacy and so on. Semiconductor nanomaterials are different from conventional semiconductor materials because of their size effect and dielectric domain effect. They have attractive application prospects in microelectronic devices and communications. Lead selenide (PbSe) and lead sulfide (PbS) semiconductor nanomaterials have large Bohr radius (PbS 18 nm PbSe 46nm), high dielectric constant, high carrier transfer temperature sensitive band gap and good nonlinear optical properties. It is widely used in infrared detection and infrared laser. With the development of nanotechnology, new methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials have emerged in endlessly. Ultrasonic and ultrasonic electrochemical methods are a novel chemical method for the preparation of nanomaterials in recent years. On the basis of chemical method, ultrasonic wave was applied to control the size and morphology of nanoparticles. This method can effectively control the size, shape and distribution of materials, and has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and less pollution. It has become an effective method for the preparation of nanomaterials. This paper mainly includes two parts: the first part is a review of the concept of nanomaterials, basic effects, preparation methods, means of characterization and so on. The principle of ultrasonic method and its research progress in the preparation of nanomaterials were summarized. The second part is the research work, mainly on the basis of the original, by changing the experimental parameters to do further exploration. First, PbSe nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonic and electrochemical methods respectively. The difference between the two methods and the role of different coordination agents in the whole process were pointed out, and the reaction time was analyzed. The effect of reaction temperature and PH on the experimental results is explained. Secondly, the PbS nanorods were prepared by ultrasonic method, and the optimum reaction time was found through experimental comparison, which proved that polyethylene glycol had the functions of active agent and dispersant.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TB383.1
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 刘英博;ZnS，，ZnS：Mn~(2+)量子点的制备和荧光性能的研究[D];长春工业大学;2012年
本文编号：2151533
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