雅科布斯敌友刑法观与人民民主专政理论

发布时间：2018-10-24 17:27

【摘要】：京特·雅科布斯是德国当代著名法学家,他认为刑法的功能在于危险的抗制和排除。对于那些从根本上偏离社会基本规范的犯罪者,不能保证其法律上的人格,而是必须用战争来征讨,通过战争的发动将这些敌人从社会共同体中清除出去,以此来保证市民的正当权利。这种“惊世骇俗”的学术主张在德国受到一些学者的批评。因为敌人刑法理论背离了法治的基本原则,导致了国家权力的无限膨胀,从而可能使国家退回到野蛮的兽性状态,给公民的自由、人权带来极大的危险。但是通过深入分析探讨雅科布斯教授坚持的规范论以及机能主义刑法观,我们发现“敌人刑法”只是冰山一角,在它看似偏激的外观下,其实是一整套缜密的、令人叹为观止的法学逻辑体系。同时我国宪法第一条指出,“中华人民共和国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家”,然而各方对“专政”思想的攻击使得这句话的地位十分尴尬,面临着被彻底从宪法中删除的命运。本文的写作初衷就是希望在“人民民主专政”和“法治国建设”这两点之间寻找一个新的视角,将“专政”的实现用法律明确、固定下来,而解决问题的关键正是“敌人刑法”。 “谁是我们的敌人?谁是我们的朋友?这个问题是革命的首要问题”。这句话在今天看来,仍然是一个令人为难,但又不得不回答的问题。
[Abstract]:Gint Jacobbs is a famous contemporary jurist in Germany, who believes that the function of criminal law lies in the resistance and exclusion of danger. For those who fundamentally deviate from the basic norms of society, they cannot guarantee their legal personality. Instead, they must use war to wage war and remove these enemies from the social community through the launching of war. In order to guarantee the legitimate rights of citizens. This "shocking" academic claim has been criticized by some scholars in Germany. Because the theory of enemy criminal law deviates from the basic principle of rule of law, it leads to the unlimited expansion of state power, which may make the country return to a barbaric state of brute, and bring great danger to civil liberties and human rights. However, through in-depth analysis and discussion of Professor Jacobus's normative theory and functionalist view of criminal law, we find that the "enemy criminal law" is just the tip of the iceberg. In its seemingly extreme appearance, it is actually a complete set of meticulous. An amazing system of legal logic. At the same time, article 1 of our Constitution states that "the people's Republic of China is a socialist country under the leadership of the working class and a people's democratic dictatorship based on the alliance of workers and peasants". However, attacks on the "dictatorship" ideology made the phrase embarrassing and faced the fate of being completely removed from the Constitution. The original intention of this paper is to seek a new angle of view between "people's democratic dictatorship" and "the construction of the rule of law", so that the realization of "dictatorship" will be clearly defined and fixed by law. And the key to solve the problem is the enemy criminal law. "who is our enemy? Who's our friend? This question is the chief issue of the revolution. " It is still a difficult question, but one that has to be answered today.
【学位授予单位】：中国青年政治学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D914

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