从政治与文化角度对西方宪政民主的剖析与反思

发布时间：2018-11-01 15:40

【摘要】：宪政民主源于西方基督教原罪文化,与政—教、公—私等方面的二元论以及从古希腊到现代的政治传统(欧罗巴宪政主义)十分契合;宪政民主以党派"私利"为出发点,服从于主流社会的利益;在实行宪政民主的国家和地区,宪政危机时有发生。社会主义革命过程中需要"打碎资产阶级国家机器",这方面的探索有两类:一是马克思等人的大众民主;二是列宁的民主集中制。后者在落后的俄国取得了革命成功,并影响了包括中国在内所有的社会主义国家。而宪政民主是资产阶级国家机器的主要表现形式,因此,作为资产阶级国家机器主要表现形式的宪政民主,也应当在社会主义革命中予以摒弃。此外,东亚、非洲、拉美、中东欧的众多国家实行宪政民主时因宗教、政治文化和政治传统与宪政民主不匹配而产生了政治乱局,陷入了治乱循环的怪圈,迟滞了国家的发展。原因是宪政民主难以适应这些国家的政治文化。对这些乱局的反思,会得出一个结论:政治需要相匹配的文化基因。
[Abstract]:Constitutional democracy originates from the culture of the original sin of Christianity in the West, and fits well with the dualism of politics, religion, public and private, and the political tradition from ancient Greece to modern (Europa constitutionalism). Constitutional democracy takes the "self-interest" of the parties as the starting point and serves the interests of the mainstream society, and constitutional crisis occurs from time to time in the countries and regions where constitutional democracy is practised. In the course of socialist revolution, it is necessary to "break up the bourgeois state machine". There are two kinds of exploration in this respect: one is the popular democracy of Marx and others, the other is Lenin's democratic centralism. The latter achieved revolutionary success in backward Russia and affected all socialist countries, including China. Constitutional democracy is the main manifestation of bourgeois state machine, so constitutional democracy, as the main manifestation of bourgeois state machine, should also be abandoned in socialist revolution. In addition, when many countries in East Asia, Africa, Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe practiced constitutional democracy, the mismatch of religion, political culture and political tradition with constitutional democracy led to political chaos, which led to a strange circle of governance and chaos, which delayed the development of the country. The reason is that constitutional democracy is difficult to adapt to the political culture of these countries. A reflection on these dislocations will lead to the conclusion that politics needs to match cultural genes.
【作者单位】：中央编译局世界发展战略研究部;
【分类号】：D035

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