乡镇长“公推直

发布时间：2018-12-11 08:02

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国特色社会主义政治文明建设取得了骄人的成绩。就基层民主而言,人民群众在党的领导下进行了制度创新——村民自治。经过二十多年的发展,村民自治为基层民主政治发展奠定了社会基础,培育了“政治人”,将公民政治参与纳入到制度化轨道中来,同时也为我国社会稳定做出了突出贡献。就乡村关系而言,村是人民群众的自治组织；乡镇则是基层政权组织。乡镇政府与人民群众的利益作重要的联系,其治理成败关系到国家的长治久安。随着人民自治运动不断发展,公民通过有序的政治参与一定程度上能够实现自身利益诉求。同时,随着社会发展,基层人民对公共物品有了新的需求,人民自治组织已无法满足这种需求,因此,人民便将目光投向了基层政权组织,特别是乡镇政府。另一方面,社会转型给我国基层政府带来了不可避免的阵痛,对乡镇政权建设提出了更高的要求。现实中,基层政府不能提供有效的公共物品,不能满足人民日益增长的利益要求,甚至在个别地方的乡镇政府成为黑恶势力的保护伞,其与基层民众关系紧张,损害了党和政府在人民心中的形象,严重的影响了社会的稳定。在这种背景下,个别地区开展了乡镇政府领导人直选改革,基层民主政治出现制度创新。这不仅实现了基层人民对于通过政治参与满足自身利益要求的愿望,同时也为我国政治文明建设提供了宝贵经验。机遇与挑战并存,乡镇长的直接选举改革虽取得了一定成果,但是也存在着一定的问题,如乡镇长选举改革面临着违宪的困境,选举程序存在着不规范性,选民对选举结果的质疑,及选举后新组建的乡镇政府是否能够理顺与同级党委,人大及上级政府关系等问题。本文立足于乡镇长直接选举改革的现实,以民主授权与行政授权的关系为主线,以当下乡镇长直接选举改革个案为分析对象,对上述问题进行分析,从中发现存在的问题,指出造成这些困境的原因,对个案进行经验总结,并给出相应的对策建议,为乡镇长选举改革实践贡献绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the construction of socialist political civilization with Chinese characteristics has made remarkable achievements. As far as grassroots democracy is concerned, the people under the leadership of the Party have carried out institutional innovation-villagers' autonomy. After more than 20 years of development, villagers' autonomy has laid a social foundation for the development of grass-roots democratic politics, cultivated "political people", brought citizen political participation into the system orbit, and made outstanding contributions to the social stability of our country at the same time. As far as rural relations are concerned, villages are the self-governing organizations of the people; villages and towns are grass-roots political organizations. Township government and the interests of the people to make an important relationship, its governance is related to the long-term stability of the country. With the continuous development of the people's autonomy movement, citizens can achieve their own interests to a certain extent through orderly political participation. At the same time, with the development of society, the grassroots people have a new demand for public goods, people's autonomous organizations can not meet this demand, therefore, the people will focus on grass-roots political organizations, especially township governments. On the other hand, social transformation has brought unavoidable pains to the grass-roots government in our country, and put forward higher requirements for the construction of township government. In reality, grass-roots governments cannot provide effective public goods or meet the growing interests of the people. Even township governments in individual places have become protective umbrellas of evil and criminal forces, and their relations with the grassroots people are tense. Damaged the image of the Party and government in the hearts of the people, seriously affected social stability. Under this background, some regions carried out the reform of direct election of township government leaders, and system innovation appeared in grass-roots democratic politics. This not only realizes the grassroots people's desire to satisfy their own interests through political participation, but also provides valuable experience for the construction of political civilization in China. There are both opportunities and challenges. Although some achievements have been made in the direct election reform of township chief, there are still some problems, such as the difficulty of unconstitutional election reform and the irregularity of election procedure. Voters question the election results, and whether the newly formed township government after the election can straighten out the relationship with the Party committees, the people's congresses and the higher governments. Based on the reality of the reform of the direct election of township chief, taking the relationship between democratic authorization and administrative authorization as the main line, taking the current cases of direct election of township chief as the analysis object, this paper analyzes the above problems and finds out the existing problems. This paper points out the causes of these difficulties, sums up the experiences of the cases, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, which will contribute little to the reform of the township chief election practice.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D621.5;D630

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