声旁家族对汉字词汇识别的影响

发布时间：2017-12-28 19:28

本文关键词：声旁家族对汉字词汇识别的影响　出处：《西南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉字是一种复杂而又精密的文字,其中形声字的比例占到半数以上,在汉字中是非常常见的。形声字中的声旁能够表达汉字的语音信息,对汉字的语音总体激活有着重要的影响,在汉字词汇识别中发挥着重要的作用。研究者们针对汉字的词汇识别,提出了三种不同的理论模型,分别是:直通模型、语音中介模型和双通路模型。直通模型支持直接由字形信息激活语义信息从而到达语义通达,不需要经过语音激活的过程;语音中介模型的观点是字形信息最先激活语音信息,再通过这一语音中介传播兴奋到语义表征,到达语义通达;而双通路模型则认为这两个通路可以同时存在且并行加工,每个通道都有可能激活语义,主要取决于字词频率、任务范式和被试水平等因素。这三种不同理论模型引起了巨大的讨论,研究者们做了大量实验去支持自己的理论假设。其中,语音在词汇识别过程中的作用问题成为了讨论的焦点之一。形声字中的声旁能够提供语音信息线索,在识别汉字的过程中,这些语音信息能够影响汉字的语音总体激活水平。研究发现,声旁家族对词汇识别有可能表现为抑制效应,也有可能表现为促进效应。交互激活模型的侧抑制机制尝试对抑制效应做出解释:在词汇识别过程中,视觉刺激信息需要经过特征水平、字母水平和词语水平的表征,且在相邻水平之间的传递是双向的。当靶字激活了与其自身相应的单元即靶字单元,这些靶字单元也会激活与其具有同一声旁的家族成员字单元,这些被激活的靶字单元和成员字单元相互竞争,相互抑制,直到最终获得最高激活水平的靶字单元被挑选出来,获得正确识别和通达。这意味着,当靶字涉及的声旁家族成员字越多,其被激活的分心单元即成员字单元也越多,受到的侧抑制水平也就越高,导致靶字单元越难从分心单元中识别,最终反应越慢,出现家族抑制效应。Andrews的自上而下反馈理论尝试对促进效应做出解释:在词汇识别过程中,靶字单元被激活的同时,也会激活其声旁家族成员字单元,然后这二者就会激活其亚词汇层级的字母单元及字母串单元,这些被激活的字母及字母串单元又可以返回加强靶字单元的激活。当靶字的声旁家族成员越多,这些相同的字母及字母串单元的激活被不断增强,那么其相似语音激活程度也越高,这些被激活的亚词汇单元对靶字单元的反馈和再激活就越强,产生促进效应。虽然对这两种不同的模型存在了一定的争论,但是这两者之间并不是相互排斥的,都属于识别的内部过程,起促进作用还是抑制作用可能主要取决于这两个加工谁占优势地位。本研究提出假设:声旁家族对词汇识别的作用与某些特殊的实验任务有关。在词汇判断任务和命名任务这两种难度较小,可以依赖于相似语音的总体激活水平完成实验的任务,表现为促进作用,而在语义分类任务这种难度较大,无法单纯依靠相似语音的总体词汇激活水平而需要精确的单个靶字单元语义信息激活完成实验的任务,表现为抑制效应。本研究采用声旁家族作为实验材料,选用语义分类任务,词汇判断任务和命名任务这三个不同的实验范式,考察声旁在汉字词汇识别中的作用,以探讨在汉字词汇识别中,语音总体激活在其中的作用。实验一中,通过操控声旁家族大小和规则性两种条件,考查在语义分类任务中声旁家族和汉字规则性对词汇识别的影响。实验采用2(声旁家族大小:大,小)X2(规则性:规则、不规则)的两因素被试内设计。实验要求被试判断所呈现的刺激是否是动物字,因变量为正确反应时和正确率。实验数据指出:在正确率上,声旁家族大小和规则性的交互作用显著,在声旁大家族条件下,与不规则字相比,规则字的正确率明显更低;在规则字条件下,与声旁小家族相比,声旁大家族的正确率明显更低。实验结果支持了交互激活模型。实验二是在实验一程序的基础上,删除了序列中的一个空屏,以消除这个空屏可能对被试的反应时间的影响而进行的实验,其余的实验材料和实验任务都不变。实验二结果与实验一结果趋势一致,同样支持了交互激活模型。实验三中,操控不含有声旁的笔画家族字大小,在排除语音总体激活的条件下进行词汇判断任务,考察在词汇判断任务中,没有声旁语音线索提示的汉字加工机制,与后面的实验进行比对。实验为单因素(笔画家族大小:大,小)被试内设计,要求被试快速准确地判断所呈现的靶字是不是真字,记录反应时和正确率。实验结果显示,在排除语音总体激活的条件下,家族效应表现为抑制作用。实验四中,继续采用实验一中的声旁家族材料,考察在命名任务中声旁家族大小和汉字规则性对词汇识别的作用。实验任务要求被试快速而准确地念出所呈现靶字,记录反应时和正确率。实验数据指出:在反应时上,声旁家族大小的主效应显著,声旁大家族的正确反应时显著大于声旁小家族;规则性的主效应显著,规则字的正确反应时比不规则字明显更快。在正确率上,声旁家族大小和规则性的交互作用显著,具体是:在声旁小家族条件下,与不规则字相比,规则字的正确率明显更高,在规则字条件下,与声旁小家族相比,声旁大家族的正确率明显更小。基于以上四个实验数据结果,可以得到如下结论:声旁家族效应在汉字词汇识别中表现为抑制效应,这种效应在规则字条件下更明显。声旁家族的抑制效应与实验任务无关。
[Abstract]:Chinese characters is a kind of complex and precise words, the phonogram accounted for more than half, is very common in Chinese characters. The phonetic characters can express phonetic speech information Chinese characters, the Chinese characters voice overall activation plays an important role, plays an important role in the Chinese characters in Chinese word recognition. The researchers have proposed three different theoretical models for Chinese character recognition, namely, direct through model, voice medium model and double channel model. Through the model is directly supported by font information semantic information to activate semantic access, do not need to go through the process of phonological activation; phonological mediation models is the first font information activate voice information through the voice communication intermediary excitement to semantic representation, semantic access to and; dual route model is that these two pathways can be simultaneously the existence and parallel processing, each channel may activate semantics, mainly depends on word frequency, and test the factors equal task paradigm. The three different theoretical models have caused great discussion, and the researchers have done a lot of experiments to support their own theoretical assumptions. Among them, the role of speech in the process of vocabulary recognition has become one of the focus of discussion. The characters in the phonetic speech information can provide clues, in the process of identifying Chinese characters in the speech information can affect the overall level of Chinese characters voice activation. The study found that the phonetic family has showed an inhibitory effect on word recognition, are also likely to show effect. The lateral inhibition mechanism of interaction activation model attempts to explain the inhibitory effect: in the process of word recognition, visual stimulus information needs to be characterized by feature level, letter level and word level, and the transmission between adjacent levels is bidirectional. When the target word activates its corresponding unit that is the target word units, members of the family unit unit will also activate these target words and have the same sound, activation of these units and members of the target word word units compete with each other, mutual inhibition, until finally obtain the highest level of activation of the target word unit is selected to obtain the correct recognition and understanding. This means that when more members of the family of the target word phonetic word relates to the distraction activated member unit unit more, also the higher the level of the lateral inhibition, lead to more difficult to identify the target word unit distracted from the unit, the final reaction is slower, the inhibitory effect of family. Andrews top-down feedback theory attempts to explain the facilitation effect in word recognition process, the target word unit is activated at the same time, will also activate the phonetic word family unit, then the two will activate the sublexical level letter letter string unit and unit activation activation of these letters and letter string unit it can return to the target word units to strengthen the. The more radical family members when the target word, activate the same letters and letter string unit is increasing, so the similar voice activation degree is higher, activation of these sub lexical unit feedback on the target word unit and then activate the stronger, promoting effect. Although there are some disputes about the two different models, they are not mutually exclusive. They all belong to the internal process of recognition. The promotion or inhibition is likely to be decided by those two processes. This study put forward the hypothesis: the effect of phonetic family on word recognition related to some special tasks. The judgment task and the naming task two less difficulty in vocabulary, can depend on the overall similarity of voice activation level to complete the experiment task, performance for the role, and the larger the difficulty in semantic classification task, can not simply rely on similar overall vocabulary speech activation level and single target word semantic information unit accurate activation completed the experimental task, showed an inhibitory effect. This study used the phonetic family as experimental material, using a semantic categorization task, lexical decision task and naming the three different experimental paradigms, the effects of sound on the Chinese characters in Chinese word recognition, in order to explore Chinese characters in Chinese word recognition, voice activation plays a role in general. In the first experiment, through two kinds of conditions and rules of phonetic manipulation of family size, the effect of sound on the semantic classification task in family and Chinese characters rules on word recognition. The experiment adopted 2 (phonetic family size: large, small (X2) Rules: regular and irregular) two factors within subjects design. The experiment asked the subjects to judge whether the stimuli presented were animal words, and the variables were correct and correct. Experimental data show that: in the correct rate, the interaction of family size and the phonetic rules significantly, around family conditions, compared with the irregular word, the correct rate was significantly lower in the rules of words; word rule conditions, compared with the sound small family, large family of phonetic correctness rate is significantly lower. The experimental results support the interactive activation model. Experiment two, based on the first experiment, deleted an empty screen in the sequence to eliminate the influence of the empty screen on the response time of the subjects. The rest of the experimental materials and tasks were unchanged. The result of experiment two is consistent with the result of experiment one, and it also supports the interactive activation model. Experiment 3, control does not contain the phonetic word for stroke family size, lexical decision task in the exclusion of speech overall activation conditions, effects in lexical decision task, no phonetic cues of speech Chinese characters processing mechanism, compared with the following experiment. The single factor (family size: large, small strokes) within subjects design, subjects were required to rapidly and accurately determine the target word is not true, recording the reaction time and correct rate. The experimental results show that the conditions for eliminating the overall activation of the speech
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.2

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