死亡凸显效应对宽恕心理的影响

发布时间：2018-01-07 09:05

本文关键词：死亡凸显效应对宽恕心理的影响　出处：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：恐惧管理理论的研究证明死亡凸显可以改变个体的行为动机,人们为了防御死亡带来的焦虑,会运用各种防御机制来进行防御。以往的研究都证明了死亡凸显会使个体更加严厉的惩罚他人的冒犯行为,宽恕水平降低,但多数研究都集中在对陌生人违法犯罪行为上,并没有对其他人际关系的冒犯行为进行研究。亲密关系作为防御死亡的重要机制,可能与死亡凸显效应共同影响个体的宽恕心理。因此,本研究探讨死亡凸显效应对不同亲密关系的宽恕心理的作用以及机制。本研究以大学生为主,将冒犯者类型分为朋友、恋人、父母和陌生人四种类型,分别进行了三个实验。实验一检验在死亡凸显后,被试对不同亲密类型的外显宽恕水平的变化。实验二检验在死亡凸显后,被试对不同亲密类型的内隐宽恕水平的变化。实验三阈下呈现宽恕词汇,增加被试的内隐宽恕,从反面证明宽恕是否可以缓解被试的死亡焦虑,降低被试的死亡思维可及性(Death-Thought Accessibility,DTA)。研究结果表明,对恋人和朋友,死亡凸显提高了被试的外显宽恕水平,对陌生人,死亡凸显降低了被试的外显宽恕水平,对父母,死亡凸显并未影响被试的外显宽恕水平。死亡凸显后,被试对于父母、朋友和陌生人的内隐宽恕水平都得到了提高,对于恋人的内隐宽恕水平有所降低。被试的外显宽恕水平与内隐宽恕水平出现了分离。在死亡凸显条件下,阈下启动个体的宽恕词语,可以降低被试对于死亡词汇的敏感度,能够降低被试的DTA。启动中性词语,被试对于死亡词汇的敏感度增加,也就是能够增高被试的DTA。最后,结合TMT理论、人际关系理论与进化心理学对结果进行了分析。
[Abstract]:Study of terror management theory that death highlights can change individual behavior motivation, people in the defense of death brings anxiety, will use a variety of defense mechanisms for defense. Previous studies have proved that mortality salience will make the individual more punishing offense others, forgiveness level is reduced, but most studies are focused on the stranger illegal and criminal acts, and no offense to other relationships is studied. The intimate relationship as an important mechanism for defense of death, and death may highlight the individual effects of mutual forgiveness. Therefore, this study was to deal with the death of the forgiveness convex effect of different intimate relationship and mechanism. In this study, college students. The offender will be classified as friends, lovers, parents and strangers four types were three experiments. The experimental test in death Highlights after the subjects change on different types of intimate explicit forgiveness level. The experimental test in two subjects after death highlights, changes of implicit forgiveness level of different intimate types. In experiment three, subliminal forgiveness vocabulary, implicit forgiveness increase of subjects, from the opposite proved that forgiveness is not can alleviate is the death anxiety, reduce subjects of death and thinking (Death-Thought Accessibility, DTA). The results show that the pair of lovers and friends, improve the mortality salience of subjects' explicit forgiveness level to strangers, reduces the mortality salience of subjects' explicit forgiveness level, for parents, did not affect mortality salience subjects' explicit forgiveness level. After death highlights, the subjects for the parents, the implicit forgiveness level of friends and strangers are improved, the implicit level of forgiveness lovers decreased. Subjects' explicit and implicit forgiveness forgiveness level of water The flat separation in mortality salience condition, individual subliminal words to start, can reduce the test for death vocabulary sensitivity, can reduce the test DTA. neutral words, subjects increase the sensitivity for the death of vocabulary, which is able to increase the subjects DTA. finally, combined with TMT theory the interpersonal relationship theory and evolutionary psychology to analyze the results.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842

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