权力刻板印象对特质推理的影响

发布时间：2018-01-14 07:02

  本文关键词：权力刻板印象对特质推理的影响　出处：《山东师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 权力刻板印象 行为内容 行为效价 有意图特质推理 自发特质推理

【摘要】：人类生活在高度社会性的环境当中,理解他人行为的意义对个体在这种环境中的生存和生活至关重要。对他人行为进行特质推理是个体理解他人行为意义的重要方式之一,它增加了个体预测他人行为的能力,并指导个体在日常生活中与他人的交流合作。根据个体知觉者在特质推理过程中是否有目的、有意识地参与,特质推理可以分为有意图与自发特质推理。特质推理的发生虽然具有一定的普遍性,但是其发生并不是必然的,其发生受一系列因素的影响。已有研究表明,社会刻板对个体的特质推理有一定的影响,与社会刻板不一致的信息促进个体的有意图特质推理而阻碍个体的自发特质推理。Fiske等人(2002)提出社会刻板印象内容模型(SCM)用热情和能力来解释刻板印象。基于社会刻板印象两维度模型的研究发现,人们对高权力者存在高能力低热情、对低权力者存在低能力高热情的刻板印象。对高低权力者的刻板印象是否会影响人们的特质推理这一问题,目前尚缺乏研究。此外,热情与能力的效价及热情优先效应亦会影响特质推理的发生。有研究者发现有意图特质推理存在着积极效应,而自发特质推理则存在着消极效应;社会认知存在热情优先。鉴于热情优先,刻板印象,行为效价共同影响特质推理的发生,本研究拟综合考察这三方面因素对特质推理的影响。综上所诉,在较为全面地梳理相关研究基础之上,本研究拟考察权力刻板印象对有意图特质推理和自发特质推理的影响。研究一使用内隐联想测验分别在热情和能力维度考察人们的内隐权力刻板印象。研究二使用探测词适宜性范式考察权力刻板印象对有意图特质推理的影响。研究三使用探测词再认范式考察权力刻板印象对自发特质推理的影响。本研究结论如下:1人们对不同权力群体存在混合的内隐权力刻板印象,人们对高权力者存在高能力低热情的刻板印象,对低权力者存在低能力高热情的刻板印象。2有意图和自发特质推理中均存在热情优先效应。相对于隐含能力特质行为,人们对隐含热情特质行为的有意图与自发特质推理强度更强。3行为效价对有意图特质推理和自发特质推理均有影响,但具体影响不同。有意图特质推理存在积极效应,即个体对积极行为的有意图特质推理的强度高于对消极行为的有意图特质推理;而自发特质推理存在消极效应,即个体对消极行为的自发特质推理的强度高于对积极行为的自发特质推理。4权力刻板印象对有意图特质推理和自发特质推理有相似的影响,个体对与权力刻板印象一致行为的有意图与自发特质推理强度高于对权力刻板不一致行为的有意图与自发特质推理。
[Abstract]:Human beings live in a highly social environment. Understanding the meaning of others' behavior is very important to the survival and life of individuals in this environment, and it is one of the important ways for individuals to understand the meaning of others' behavior. It increases the ability of individuals to predict the behavior of others and guides individuals to communicate and cooperate with others in daily life. Trait reasoning can be divided into intentional and spontaneous idiosyncratic reasoning. Although the occurrence of idiosyncratic reasoning is universal, its occurrence is not inevitable, and its occurrence is influenced by a series of factors. Social stereotypes have a certain impact on individual trait reasoning. Information inconsistent with social stereotypes promotes individual intentional trait reasoning and hinders individual spontaneous trait reasoning. Fiske et al. (2002) proposed a social stereotype content model (SCM). To explain stereotype with enthusiasm and ability. People have high ability and low enthusiasm for the high power, low ability and high enthusiasm for the low power, and whether the stereotype of the high and low power will affect people's trait reasoning. In addition, the titer of enthusiasm and ability and the effect of enthusiasm priority also affect the occurrence of trait reasoning. Some researchers have found that there is a positive effect in intentional trait reasoning. Spontaneous trait reasoning has negative effects. There is enthusiasm priority in social cognition. In view of the influence of enthusiasm preference, stereotype and behavior titer on trait reasoning, this study intends to investigate the effects of these three factors on trait reasoning. On the basis of a more comprehensive combing of relevant research. This study is intended to examine the influence of power stereotypes on intentional trait reasoning and spontaneous trait reasoning. Study 1 uses implicit association tests to examine implicit power stereotypes in the dimensions of enthusiasm and ability. The influence of power stereotype on intentional trait reasoning was investigated by using probe word appropriateness paradigm. Third, the influence of power stereotype on spontaneous trait reasoning was investigated by using probe word recognition paradigm. 1people have mixed implicit power stereotype to different power groups. People have the stereotype of high ability and low enthusiasm for high power. The stereotype of low ability and high enthusiasm. 2. There is enthusiasm priority effect in both intention and spontaneous trait reasoning, which is relative to implicit ability trait behavior. The intension of intention and spontaneous trait reasoning of implied warm trait behavior is stronger than that of spontaneous trait reasoning. 3. The effect of behavioral titer on both intentional trait reasoning and spontaneous trait reasoning is significant. But the specific influence is different. There are positive effects in intentional trait reasoning, that is, the intensity of individual intention trait reasoning for positive behavior is higher than that for negative behavior. However, spontaneous trait reasoning has negative effects. That is to say, the intensity of individual spontaneous trait reasoning for negative behavior is higher than that for positive behavior. 4. Power stereotype has similar influence on intentional trait reasoning and spontaneous trait reasoning. The intension and spontaneous trait reasoning intensity of individual behavior consistent with power stereotype is higher than that of power stereotype behavior.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842
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本文编号：1422507