情绪冲突中主动性和反应性控制的研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 16:25

本文关键词： 情绪冲突认知冲突主动性控制反应性控制双重认知控制理论(DMC理论)　出处：《西北师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：情绪冲突是心理学的一个崭新的研究领域，源自于对认知冲突的研究。在经典Stroop范式中，增加控制需求的不一致试次的比例，会导致行为和认知控制适应。本研究在情绪面孔Stroop任务中，通过操作不一致试次的预期（比例），来研究在要求更高的任务中，关于情绪刺激的操作比例对行为产生的影响。本研究包括两个相关实验，第一个实验在意识的水平，使用情绪字词作为启动刺激，而用情绪面孔图片为目标刺激，被试的任务是判断目标面孔的情绪类型，实验要求被试都要完成高预期（HE）任务（70%不一致）和低预期（LE）任务（30%不一致）。结果发现，正如标准Stroop任务中，在情绪面孔Stroop任务中，出现了典型的一致性效应，而且，干扰效应（I-C）在LE任务中比在HE任务中大。这说明在有意识条件下，个体更倾向于采用主动性控制策略。在第二组实验中，，使用情绪面孔作为启动刺激，以与启动刺激不同的情绪面孔作为目标刺激，让被试对目标刺激的情绪类型作出判断。通过操作意识的不同水平，让被试完成高预期（HE）任务（60%不一致，20%一致，20%中性），低预期（LE）任务（20%不一致）以及中性（NE）任务（20%不一致，启动刺激为面孔轮廓）。结果发现了典型的一致性效应和冲突适应效应，而且在三种任务类型中，干扰效应（I-C）在LE任务中比在HE任务中大。单独分析无掩蔽条件组，在正确率和反应时方面都出现了典型的一致性效应，而并没有出现冲突适应效应，而且，干扰效应（I-C）在LE任务中比在HE任务中大。说明个体在有意识条件下更倾向于采用主动性认知控制策略。而在有掩蔽条件组，正确率和反应时方面均出现了典型的冲突适应效应，一致性效应并不显著，这一结果表明，在无意识条件下个体能够很好的采用反应性认知控制策略。综上所述，在有意识条件下，个体更倾向于采用主动性认知控制策略，而在无意识条件下，由于缺乏有效的线索信息的引导，个体会更多的采用反应性控制策略。同时，研究结果也表明，相比情绪词，情绪面孔图片更加可以直接代表情绪，更容易产生冲突适应效应。
[Abstract]:Emotional conflict is a new research field in psychology, which originates from the study of cognitive conflict. In the classical Stroop paradigm, the proportion of inconsistent subjects controlling demand is increased. This study was conducted in the Stroop task of emotional faces by using the expectations of the inconsistent subjects (proportional scale) to study the tasks with higher demands. This study includes two related experiments, the first one is at the level of consciousness, using emotional words as the starting stimuli. The task of the subjects was to judge the emotional types of the target faces by using the images of emotional faces as the target stimuli. The subjects were asked to complete 70% inconsistency and 30% inconsistency. The results showed that, as in the standard Stroop task. In the emotional face Stroop task, there is a typical consistency effect, and the interference effect is larger in the le task than in the HE task, which indicates that under the conscious condition. Individuals tend to adopt active control strategies. In the second group, emotional faces were used as priming stimuli, and emotional faces which were different from priming stimuli were used as target stimuli. The subjects were asked to judge the emotional types of target stimulation. Through the different levels of operational awareness, the subjects were asked to complete the task of high expectation (60% inconsistency) and 20% consistent (20% neutral). Low expectation LEI (20% inconsistency) and neuter (20%) inconsistency. The priming stimulus was facial contours. The typical consistency effect and conflict adaptation effect were found. Among the three task types, the interference effect of I-C) is larger in le task than in HE task. When we analyze the group without masking condition alone, there is a typical consistency effect in accuracy and response time. And there is no conflict adaptation effect, and. The interference effect (I-C) was larger in le task than in HE task. It indicated that individuals were more inclined to adopt active cognitive control strategy under conscious condition, but in the group with masking condition. Both the correct rate and the response time have the typical conflict adaptation effect, but the consistency effect is not significant. The results show that the reactive cognitive control strategy can be used well in the unconscious condition. To sum up, under conscious conditions, individuals tend to adopt active cognitive control strategies, while in unconscious conditions, due to the lack of effective clue information guidance. At the same time, the results also show that compared with emotional words, emotional face images can represent emotions more directly and produce conflict adaptation effects more easily.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.6

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