自我肯定、评价标准对亲社会行为的影响：道德认同的调节作用

发布时间：2018-01-26 23:21

本文关键词： 道德认同自我肯定评价标准亲社会行为　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人们普遍认为自己是道德的,当这一观点受到威胁时,人们可能会采取措施对抗威胁,以维系对自己的良好评价。尽管自我肯定理论(self-affirmation)和自我一致性理论(self-consistency)都认为人们会对自我概念进行维护,但是自我一致性理论强调行为与期望之间的关系,而自我肯定理论强调自我的完整性,因此在维护自我概念的方式上二者存在差异。自我一致性观点认为要从引发人们自我不一致的具体问题入手,自我肯定理论认为从整体出发任何可以确定自我完整性的手段都是可行的,所以二者在亲社会行为上的表现是截然不同的。那么,人们的亲社会行为什么时候会出现自我一致性,什么时候会出现自我肯定呢?为了探讨这一问题,本研究设计了2个实验,分别从道德认同、自我肯定、评价标准角度研究自我肯定与自我一致性在亲社会行为上的差异。实验一选取251名被试,采用2(道德认同:高水平、低水平)×3(肯定领域:与道德相关、与道德不相关、不肯定)组间实验设计,在实验开始时通过行为启动的方式对被试的道德自我进行威胁,之后对被试进行不同内容的自我肯定(与道德相关或不相关),并测量被试的亲社会行为,以此探讨道德认同水平和自我肯定内容差异对亲社会行为的影响。实验二选取172名被试,采用2(道德认同:高水平、低水平)×2(评价标准:个人、规范)组间实验设计,在对被试进行道德自我威胁后,启动他们的不同评价标准(个人或规范),以此探讨个体道德认同水平和评价标准差异对亲社会行为的影响。通过以上实验探讨自我肯定和自我一致性对亲社会行为的不同影响,厘清道德认同对亲社会行为的调节作用。通过实验研究,得到如下结果:(1)在经历自我威胁后,对道德特质进行自我肯定的个体,高道德认同者比低道德认同者经历更多的失调,并表现出更多的亲社会行为(自我一致);但如果对非道德特质进行自我肯定,高道德认同者比低道德认同者经历更少的失调,并表现出更少的亲社会行为(自我肯定);无自我肯定的个体,二者无显著差异。(2)在经历自我威胁后,启动个人评价标准,高道德认同者比低道德认同者经历更少的失调,并会减少亲社会行为(自我肯定);但启动规范评价标准,二者无显著差异。
[Abstract]:People generally think they are moral, and when this view is threatened, they may take measures to counter it. To maintain a good evaluation of oneself. (although self-affirmation theory and self-consistency theory). People are supposed to maintain their self-concept. But the theory of self-consistency emphasizes the relationship between behavior and expectation, while the theory of self-affirmation emphasizes the integrity of self. Therefore, there are differences in the ways of maintaining self-concept. The self-consistency point of view should start with the specific problems that lead to the self-inconsistency of people. Self-affirmation theory holds that any means to determine self-integrity from the whole is feasible, so the performance of the two in pro-social behavior is very different. When will self-consistency and self-affirmation occur in people's pro-social behavior? In order to explore this problem, this study designed two experiments, respectively from the moral identity, self-affirmation. The difference between self-affirmation and self-consistency in pro-social behavior was studied from the perspective of evaluation criteria. In experiment one, 251 subjects were selected and used 2 (moral identity: high level). Low level) 脳 3 (positive field: moral related, not moral related, uncertain) design, at the beginning of the experiment through the behavior of the way to start to threaten the moral self of the participants. The subjects were then given different self-affirmation (moral related or irrelevant) and their pro-social behaviors were measured. The second experiment selected 172 subjects and used 2 (moral identity: high level, low level) 脳 2 (evaluation criteria: individual). The design of the inter-group experiment was designed to initiate different evaluation criteria (individual or standard) after the subjects were subjected to moral self-threats. In order to explore the level of individual moral identity and evaluation criteria for the impact of pro-social behavior. Through the above experiments to explore the self-affirmation and self-consistency on the different impact of pro-social behavior. Through the experimental study, we get the following results: 1) after experiencing the self-threat, the self-affirmation of the moral characteristics of the individual. Those with high moral identity experienced more disorders than those with low moral identity and showed more pro-social behaviors (self-consistency); But if the self-affirmation of non-moral traits, the high-moral identity experienced less disorder than the low-moral identity, and showed less pro-social behavior (self-affirmation; There was no significant difference between the two individuals without self-affirmation. 2) after experiencing self-threat, the individual evaluation criteria were activated, and the high moral identity experienced less disorder than the low moral identity. And will reduce pro-social behavior (self-affirmation); But there is no significant difference between them.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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