不同分配情境下公平行为的动机及其发展

发布时间：2018-01-28 06:43

本文关键词： 公平提议者回应者动机　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于公平行为的实质是对自我利益与他人利益的权衡,因而实验经济学家、心理学家常采用博弈范式来探讨公平,其中最后通牒博弈就是测量公平偏好的有效工具之一。研究发现,基于公平考虑,人们往往会将"免费的意外之财"拒之门外。对此,前人从理论与实证角度对公平行为的发生、发展以及影响因素进行了深入探讨。本文通过最后通牒博弈来探究成人的决策动机。传统的经济学认为人类在决策时会最大化自己的利益,然而在实际决策时人类会分给对方将近一半的收益,那么人类真正的决策动机是利益最大化还是其他社会参照动机如公平偏好等,我们通过设置不同的实验处理情境来分离决策动机以及探讨儿童的决策动机。实验一将设置三种处理情境即公平处理情境、基线处理情境和策略处理情境来探究决策动机,实验二在实验一的基础上通过研究不同年龄的儿童的决策动机来探究其发展规律,实验三通过研究不同年龄儿童回应者对不同分配方案的拒绝情况来探究其不公平厌恶的发展特点。结果发现:(1)成人在基线处理情境下的分配额高于公平处理;策略处理情境下的分配额高于基线处理;(2)8岁、10岁和12岁儿童作为提议者在最后通牒博弈中的分配额没有差异;(3)各年龄儿童回应者在各个方案上的表现有所不同,在"你1他9"方案上7岁、8岁和10岁儿童接受率显著高于9岁和11岁儿童;在"你2他8"方案上,11岁儿童接受率显著低于7岁和10岁儿童的接受率;在"你3他7"方案上,9岁在该方案上的接受率显著低于8岁和10岁儿童的接受率;在"你4他6"方案上9岁儿童显著低于10岁儿童的接受率。结果表明:(1)人类在决策时是理性自利和公平利他动机共同作用的结果。(2)小学阶段儿童在进行分配时遵循了公平的分配动机。(3)小学生发展了公平偏好,对优势不公平和劣势不公平表现了稳定的拒绝率,形成了不公平厌恶。(4)9岁儿童在不同的分配方案上与其他年龄阶段的儿童决策表现出差异,说明9岁可能是一个转折期。
[Abstract]:Because the essence of fair behavior is to balance the self-interest with the benefit of others, experimental economists and psychologists often use the game paradigm to explore fairness. Ultimatum game is one of the effective tools to measure fairness preference. Predecessors from the theoretical and empirical point of view of the occurrence of fair behavior. This paper explores the adult decision-making motivation through ultimatum game. Traditional economics holds that human beings will maximize their own interests in decision-making. However, in the actual decision-making, human beings will give each other nearly half of the benefits, so the real motivation of human decision-making is to maximize the benefits or other social reference motivation such as fairness preference and so on. We set up different experimental processing situations to separate decision-making motivation and explore children's decision motivation. Experiment 1 will set up three kinds of processing situation namely fair treatment situation. The baseline processing situation and the strategy processing situation were used to explore the decision motivation. Experiment two studied the decision motivation of children of different ages on the basis of experiment 1 to explore its development law. In experiment 3, the developmental characteristics of unfair disgust were investigated by studying the rejection of different distribution schemes among children of different ages. The allocation of adult in baseline treatment was higher than that of fair treatment. The allocation amount in the situation of strategy processing was higher than that in the baseline treatment; There was no difference in the amount of allocation between children aged 8 and 12 as proponents in ultimatum game. (3) the performance of children of all ages varies from programme to programme, and the acceptance rates of children aged 7 to 8 and 10 years of age are significantly higher than those of children aged 9 and 11 years of age in the "you-1t9" programme; The acceptance rate of children aged 11 years is significantly lower than that of children aged 7 and 10 years under the "you 2 others 8" scheme; The acceptance rate for 9 years of age in the "you 3 others 7" programme is significantly lower than that for children aged 8 and 10 years; The acceptance rate of 9-year-olds is significantly lower than that of 10-year-olds in the "you 4-Ta-6" scheme. The results show that the human beings are the result of rational self-interest and equitable altruistic motivation in decision-making. Primary school children in the distribution followed a fair distribution motivation. 3) the primary school students developed a fair preference. It shows stable rejection rate for unfair advantages and disadvantages, and forms unfair loathing. 4- year old children are different in different distribution schemes from other age groups in terms of decision making. Indicating that 9 years old may be a turning point.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848.4

【相似文献】