道德标准和行为后果对不同道德判断能力个体道德伪善的影响

发布时间：2018-01-31 19:36

本文关键词： 道德伪善道德判断能力道德标准行为后果　出处：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：道德伪善是指个体希望表现得道德,但只要有可能就会设法让自己避免因真实行善而付出代价的行为倾向或动机,在个体层面表现为宣称的道德水平与实际行为之间不相符合,在人际方面体现在面对同一道德违反行为时,对他人更苛刻,而对自己更宽容。道德判断能力是个体在充分分析道德情景中各因素后,将道德观念反映在道德决策和行为中的能力,这种能力涉及分析、辨别、选择、评价等方面。已有研究结果显示,只明确道德标准并不能抑制个体的伪善行为,行为后果及相应的道德情感体验能够加深个体对行为的认知,从而减少道德伪善的出现。虽然道德伪善现象普遍存在已得到了跨文化研究的验证并被研究者们所认可,但由于被试的选取多为大学生,该现象是否在其他群体中也同样显著还有待进一步考证。与此同时,尽管道德判断能力与道德行为之间的关系不言而喻,且道德判断能力在个体加工、分析信息的时候作用重大,但目前鲜有从道德判断能力角度出发分析伪善的研究。基于上述原因,本研究通过一个调查和三个实验探索道德标准和行为后果对不同道德判断能力个体道德伪善的影响,以期给未来的实证研究奠定基础,并为教育者有效地开展道德教育工作给予理论支撑和建议。研究结果显示:(1)青少年的道德判断能力大多处于中等水平,随学历的增加而有所提高,但处于相同等级的被试间不存在学历上的显著差异,且性别差异不会对道德判断能力产生显著影响,在面临任务冲突情景时道德伪善普遍存在;(2)在单独明确道德标准或行为后果时,道德判断能力处于“中等”水平的被试依然会表现出明显的伪善行为,但其它两个等级的被试标准与行为不一致的现象得以减少;(3)同时明确道德标准和行为后果可以有效抑制处于所有道德判断能力等级上的被试的伪善行为。
[Abstract]:Moral hypocrisy is a tendency or motive that an individual wishes to behave morally but tries to avoid paying the price of doing good as much as possible. At the individual level, the claimed moral level is not consistent with the actual behavior, and the interpersonal aspect reflects in the face of the same moral violations, more harsh to others. The ability of moral judgment is the ability of individuals to reflect moral concepts in moral decision-making and behavior after fully analyzing the various factors in the moral situation. This ability involves analysis, discrimination and choice. Evaluation and other aspects. The results have shown that only clear moral standards can not suppress individual hypocrisy behavior consequences and the corresponding moral emotional experience can deepen the individual cognition of behavior. In order to reduce the appearance of moral hypocrisy. Although the existence of moral hypocrisy has been verified by cross-cultural research and recognized by researchers, but the selection of subjects is mostly college students. At the same time, although the relationship between moral judgment ability and moral behavior is self-evident, and moral judgment ability in individual processing. The analysis of information plays an important role, but there is little research on hypocrisy from the perspective of moral judgment ability. Through a survey and three experiments, this study explores the impact of moral standards and behavioral consequences on the moral hypocrisy of individuals with different moral judgment abilities, in order to lay a foundation for future empirical research. The research results show that most of the teenagers' moral judgment ability is at the middle level, and with the increase of academic qualifications, it has been improved. However, there is no significant difference in academic qualifications among subjects at the same level, and the gender difference will not have a significant impact on moral judgment ability. Moral hypocrisy is common in situations of task conflict. 2) when the moral standard or behavior consequence is defined alone, the subjects whose moral judgment ability is in the "medium" level will still show obvious hypocrisy. However, the other two levels of standards and behavior of the participants were not consistent with the phenomenon can be reduced; At the same time, clear moral standards and behavioral consequences can effectively restrain hypocrisy of subjects at all levels of moral judgment ability.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

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