死亡凸显对金钱结果跨期决策的影响

发布时间：2018-02-02 04:26

本文关键词： 死亡凸显金钱跨期决策　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：恐惧管理理论认为当个体面临死亡焦虑时,个体为了缓解这种焦虑本能性地产生文化焦虑缓冲器,实现自我保护。因此当人们面对死亡时,个体的思想、态度和行为会发生改变。金钱领域的跨期决策是对人们在不同时间点上的成本与收益进行权衡,并作出判断和选择的一类决策。死亡凸显下,面对即时小金额与延迟大金额,人们会做出怎样的选择和决策呢?已有研究表明,死亡凸显后,人们对金钱的需求增强,可以为了获得更多金钱而等待。但已有研究还未深入探讨过死亡凸显对人们金钱和时间权衡的影响。本研究旨在考察死亡凸显对人们金钱结果跨期决策的影响,从而来探明死亡凸显下人们的选择偏好。本论文共有三个实验。实验一探讨的是阈上经典死亡凸显操纵下,个体在跨期决策中的死亡凸显效应,采用单因素(启动类型:死亡凸显组/控制组)被试间实验设计,因变量为延迟折扣率。利用问卷调查法来初步探讨死亡凸显对金钱结果跨期决策的延迟折扣率的影响。实验二探讨的是死亡凸显对金钱结果跨期决策选择倾向的影响,采用金钱选择和金钱分配两种实验范式,在金钱选择任务中实验为2(启动类型:死亡凸显组/控制组)×3(时间:1个月/3个月/6个月)×3(金钱:1000元、3000元、5000元)的混合实验设计,因变量为被试的选择偏好。金钱分配任务中实验为启动类型(死亡凸显组/控制组)的单因素实验设计,因变量为分配到三种用途上(直接花费、短期储蓄、长期储蓄)的金额。实验三进一步来验证实验二的假设,检验跨期决策中死亡凸显效应的效度。采用阈下死亡凸显操纵方式,跨期决策任务同样包括金钱选择和金钱分配两种任务,实验设计与实验二一致。结果表明:(1)死亡凸显下,人们的跨期决策延迟折扣率显著小于控制组,死亡凸显对人们的跨期决策有显著影响,使人们倾向于选择金额较大延迟选项。(2)死亡凸显影响人们跨期决策的选择偏好,无论金钱数额大小,人们都倾向于选择较大金额的延迟选项,人们更偏好金钱,对金钱的需求增强。在金钱分配任务中,死亡凸显组与控制组在长期储蓄和短期储蓄上的金额分配存在显著差异。(3)阈下死亡凸显操纵方式同样发现了人们金钱选择偏好,也发现了两组在金额分配上的显著差异,即死亡凸显组和控制组在直接花费和长期储蓄上的分配金额差异显著。
[Abstract]:Fear management theory holds that when individuals face death anxiety, individuals instinctively produce cultural anxiety buffers to alleviate this anxiety and realize self-protection. Therefore, when people face death, individual thoughts. Attitude and behavior will change. The intertemporal decision in the field of money is a kind of decision, which is to weigh the cost and benefit of people at different time points, and to make judgment and choice. What choices and decisions will people make in the face of instant small amounts and large delays? Studies have shown that people's demand for money increases after death is highlighted. We can wait for more money. However, there has been no in-depth study of the impact of death highlights on people's money and time tradeoffs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of death highlights on people's money outcomes. In this paper, there are three experiments. Experiment one is about the death highlight effect of individual in the intertemporal decision-making under the control of classical suprathreshold death. Single factor (priming type: death highlight group / control group) was used. The dependent variable is the delayed discount rate. The effect of death salience on the delayed discount rate in the intertemporal decision of money results is preliminarily discussed by using the questionnaire method. Experiment 2 discusses the tendency of death salience to the intertemporal decision making of money results. Influence. Two experimental paradigms of money choice and money distribution were adopted. In the money selection task, the experiment was 2 (start type: death highlight group / control group) 脳 3 (time: 1 month / 3 months / 6 months) 脳 3 (money: 1000 yuan / 3 000 yuan). The dependent variable is the choice preference of the subjects. In the money assignment task, the experiment is the single factor design of the priming type (death highlight group / control group). The dependent variable is the amount allocated to three uses (direct spending, short-term savings, long-term savings). To test the validity of death salience effect in intertemporal decision making, the intertemporal decision task also includes two kinds of tasks, namely money choice and money allocation, by means of subliminal death salience manipulation. The results show that the discount rate of intertemporal decision delay is significantly lower than that of control group, and death highlights have a significant impact on people's intertemporal decision-making. Make people tend to choose a large amount of delay option.) death highlights the impact on people's choice preference of intertemporal decision. Regardless of the amount of money, people tend to choose a larger amount of delay options. People prefer money, and the demand for money increases. In the money assignment task. There is a significant difference between the death highlight group and the control group in the distribution of long-term savings and short-term savings. There are also significant differences between the two groups in the distribution of the amount of money, that is, the difference between the death highlight group and the control group in direct spending and long-term savings.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.6

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