“我”与求偶动机对性别内群体偏爱的影响

发布时间：2018-02-06 05:01

本文关键词： 性别内群体偏爱求偶动机面孔吸引力群体心理　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为群居动物，，人类总是生活在形形色色的群体当中，而一旦个体成为某个群体内部的成员，其就会表现出一种独特的现象：对所属群体及成员评价更为积极，同时更乐意也更多的帮助内群体成员，这就是社会心理学研究者常常提及的内群体偏爱。已有关于该现象的研究主要集中于种族、地域、职业等分类形成的群体，那么基于性别分类的群体成员是否也存在内群体偏爱？如果存在性别内群体偏爱，其背后的产生机制是什么？本研究将通过三个实验尝试对上述问题进行解答，同时，研究还将结合进化心理学相关研究成果，探求求偶动机这一因素对性别内群体偏爱的可能影响。研究一包括两个实验：实验1a和实验1b,分别以女性和男性为被试，探求性别内群体偏爱现象及求偶动机对其影响。具体实验过程中我们通过视频启动的方法激活被试的求偶动机，同时采用Go/no-go任务测量被试的内群体偏爱水平，结果发现：（1）女性被试中存在基于性别的内群体偏爱；（2）男性被试不存在基于性别的内群体偏爱。（3）求偶动机激活时，女性被试会给予高面孔吸引力的同性以更积极的评价，即在群体成员为高面孔吸引力条件下，求偶动机的激活可以使女性被试产生更强的基于性别的内群体偏爱，而在群体成员为一般面孔吸引力条件下，求偶动机则不会对女性被试的性别内群体偏爱产生显著影响。（4）无论群体成员为高面孔吸引力还是一般面孔吸引力，求偶动机都不会影响男性被试基于性别的内群体偏爱。研究二着力于解答为什么会产生性别内群体偏爱。立足于整合理论，研究假设之所以女性被试会产生性别内群体偏爱是源于“我”在其间起到了调节作用：因为个体一般对自我的评价都是积极的，而“我”又属于女性，所以女性也是积极的。在具体的实验过程中采用行为主义条件作用范式激活被试“我—女性”这一连接，之后同样采用Go/no-go任务对被试的性别内群体偏爱进行测量，此外，我们还对被试所具有的内隐自我态度进行测量，结果发现：（1）当女性被试“我—女性”的连接被激活之后，其将会表现出更强的基于性别的内群体偏爱。（2）女性个体对自我的内隐态度同其基于性别的内群体偏爱程度呈显著正相关，且个体的内隐自我态度可以正向预测个体所具有的性别内群体偏爱水平。基于研究1和研究2相关结果，得出以下结论：（1）在人类个体当中存在基于性别的内群体偏爱，且该现象具有性别差异：女性而非男性被试表现出基于性别分类的内群体偏爱现象。（2）求偶动机会影响女性的性别内群体偏爱程度，该影响表现为当内群体成员为高面孔吸引力条件下，求偶动机的激活会使被试产生更强的性别内群体偏爱。（3）“我”在女性个体性别内群体偏爱产生过程中起到调节作用。
[Abstract]:As a social animal, human beings are always living in the community and of every hue, once inside the individual to become members of a group, it will show a unique phenomenon: evaluation of the group members and more active, and more willing to have more help in group members, this is the study of social preference in group psychologists are often mentioned. Research on the phenomenon has been mainly focused on race, region, occupation classification form groups, then based on gender classification group members are there in the group preference? If there is sex preference, what is the mechanism behind it? This study will try to through three experiments answer to the problem, at the same time, the study will also combine evolutionary psychology related research results, to explore the factors may affect the motivation of gender preference in courtship.
This research includes two experiments: Experiment 1a and Experiment 1b, respectively in male and female subjects, to explore the influence of gender in the group preference and motivation of the phenomenon of courtship. The specific experimental process we start by means of video activation test was also used in courtship motivation, group preference level, the Go/no-go task to test the results showed that: (1) female subjects in preference in group based on gender; (2) male subjects in groups based on gender preference does not exist. (3) courtship motivation when activated, female subjects will give high facial attractiveness sex to a more positive evaluation, namely in the group members is high under the condition of facial attractiveness, courtship motivation can induce the activation of female subjects in groups based on gender preference, while in group members generally face attractive conditions, motivation is not the courtship of the female participants in the sex Group preference has a significant impact. (4) no matter whether group members are high face attractiveness or general face attractiveness, courtship motives do not affect male group preference based on gender.
The two study focused on answer why gender preference. Based on the integration of theory, research hypothesis that female subjects will have preference within the gender is derived from "I" to regulate between: because the individual general evaluation of the self is positive, and I also belongs to women. So women are positive. The behavioral conditioning paradigm used in the experimental process of concrete activation of subjects "I - women" in this connection, after using the same measure of gender preference of participants within the Go/no-go task in addition, we also tried to have the implicit self attitude measurement results. Found: (1) when the female subjects "I - female" connection is activated, it will show more preference in groups based on gender. (2) female individuals on implicit attitude towards self with its based on There is a significant positive correlation between the degree of the other group preference and the implicit self attitude of the individual can predict the level of group preference in the individual.
Based on the results of study 1 and Study 2, the following conclusions are drawn:
(1) there exists gender based internal group preference among human beings, and this phenomenon has gender differences: female rather than male subjects show a group preference based on gender classification.
(2) mating opportunity affects the degree of sex preference in females. The effect is that when the members of the group are highly attractive, the activation of courtship motives will result in stronger gender preference.
(3) "I" play a regulatory role in the process of group preference in women's individual sex.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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