资源分配视角下指向性遗忘效应的机制

发布时间：2018-02-09 02:02

本文关键词： 指向性遗忘加工水平资源分配机制　出处：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：与自然遗忘(记忆痕迹的自然消退)相比,指向性遗忘更加强调遗忘的指向性和有意性。因此,指向性遗忘又被称为定向遗忘或有意遗忘。它表现为,实验中要求被试记住的内容比要求忘记的内容回忆效果要好。Muter最先于1965年提出指向性遗忘这个概念并进行了相关研究。多年来,指向性遗忘研究形成了两种基本的实验范式:字表法(list method)和单字法(item method)。随着研究的不断深入,研究者通过实验不断验证假设和提出新的猜想,取得了一些成绩。但是对于指向性遗忘仍有一些问题仍未得到让人满意的解释,需要进一步探索和解决。第一,对信息的编码是信息进入记忆系统的第一个重要环节,一直以来,编码也是记忆和遗忘领域的核心研究主题。在整个记忆系统中,编码又有不同的层次或水平,使研究变得丰富和复杂。然而,作为重要影响因素,加工水平在指向性遗忘领域的国内外的研究却很少,文章只有寥寥几篇(喻韬文,2016;宋耀武、房美妍等,2016)。而其中绝大部分依然按语义与非语义划分加工水平,使得对研究结果的解释有失严谨。第二,国内关于指向性遗忘的机制的探讨大多仍停留在范式与机制一对一的层面——字表法对应着提取抑制,而单字法对应着选择性复述。且近年来,随着对记忆中抑制机制研究的逐渐深入,运用字表法对抑制机制的相关研究远远多于对选择性复述的讨论。本研究将指向性遗忘和加工类型相结合,参考陈寒等(2001)对不同加工水平的操作方法,通过操纵不同的加工水平来探讨其指向性遗忘效应的影响,并进一步验证区分加工类型与加工水平两维度的合理性。继而尝试探讨是否可以利用加工水平造成的指向性遗忘效果的差异,通过对比揭示两种产生机制是否同时存在,并运用资源分配理论对差异进行合理解释。本研究共进行3个实验,具体的研究结论如下:1.语义加工与形式加工是两种不同“质”的加工类型。两种加工类型对指向性遗忘的影响效果不同。2.加工水平不同,指向性遗忘效果不同。具体表现为随着加工水平的提高,指向性遗忘效应先增强,后减弱。3.指向性遗忘的产生,是两种或以上不同的机制共同作用的结果。
[Abstract]:Compared with natural amnesia (the natural fading of memory traces), directional amnesia emphasizes the directionality and intention of forgetfulness. Therefore, directed amnesia is also called directed forgetting or intentional forgetfulness. In the experiment, subjects were asked to remember the content better than the content they were asked to forget. Muter first proposed the concept of directional forgetting in 1965 and conducted a related study. The study of directed amnesia has formed two basic experimental paradigms: the word list method and the single word method. With the development of the research, the researchers continue to verify the hypothesis and put forward new conjectures through experiments. Some achievements have been made. However, there are still some problems that have not been satisfactorily explained and need to be further explored and solved. First, the coding of information is the first important link for information to enter the memory system. Coding has always been the core subject of research in the field of memory and forgetfulness. In the whole memory system, coding has different levels or levels, which makes research rich and complex. However, as an important influencing factor, The research on processing level in the field of directional amnesia is few at home and abroad, and there are only a few articles (Yu Taowen, Song Yaowu, Fang Meiyan, etc.) in 2016. And most of them still divide the processing level by semantic and non-semantic. The explanation of the research results is not rigorous. Secondly, most of the domestic researches on the mechanism of directional amnesia still remain in the one-to-one level of paradigm and mechanism, and the word table method corresponds to the extraction inhibition. In recent years, with the deepening of the research on the inhibition mechanism in memory, The research on inhibition mechanism by word table method is far more than selective retelling. This study combines directional amnesia with processing type, referring to Chen Han et al. 2001) the operation methods of different processing levels, By manipulating different processing levels to explore the effect of directional amnesia, And further verify the rationality of distinguishing the two dimensions of processing type and processing level, and then try to explore whether the difference of directional forgetting effect caused by processing level can be used, and reveal whether the two generation mechanisms exist at the same time. Using the theory of resource allocation to explain the difference reasonably, three experiments were carried out in this study. The specific conclusions are as follows: 1. Semantic processing and formal processing are two different "qualitative" processing types. The effect of directional amnesia is different. The specific manifestation is that with the improvement of processing level, the directional amnesia effect increases first, then weakens .3.The production of directional amnesia is the result of the joint action of two or more different mechanisms.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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