基于库恩范式论的心理学史观的批判与超越

发布时间：2018-02-09 05:29

本文关键词： 库恩范式心理学史批判与超越　出处：《哈尔滨理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代心理学是以自然科学的研究形式而诞生的，在诞生之初就已充满着心理学科学主义研究取向与心理学的人文主义研究取向之争。这就导致了心理学内部的学派林立，理论分歧众多，这种分裂并不是存在于心理学发展史的某一时刻，而是伴随着整个心理学的发展史。许多科学主义取向心理学家们洞察到这种危机，为了使心理学成为一门完整、系统的自然科学，同时也证明其合法性，不得不诉诸于哲学。库恩的《科学革命的结构》应势而出，对整个科学哲学界、自然科学和社会科学都产生了重大影响。库恩的范式理论为心理学家们提供了解释心理学自然科学性质的模型，许多学者在未充分了解范式本质的基础上，断然肯定心理学发生了科学的革命，并赋予其自然科学的地位。本研究在充分剖析心理学范式革命论的基础上，否定了心理学曾经发生过库恩意义上的范式革命，在肯定范式理论对心理学的积极意义的基础上，分析了几种试图超越范式理论的尝试，并提出新的超越范式论心理学史观的观点，即首先应明确心理学所要研究的对象——意识，意识研究与自然科学研究物理世界的区别又是什么；其次，提出心理学应以元理论的建设为基础，明确心理学的学科性质及其方法论的建设；最后，讨论心理学研究应按照其内在本性以问题为中心开展研究，而不是以方法为中心，，这样才有可能达到心理学的理论同一性。
[Abstract]:Modern psychology was born in the form of natural science, and it was full of controversy between the scientific research orientation of psychology and the humanism research orientation of psychology at the beginning of its birth. There are many theoretical divergences, which do not exist at a certain time in the history of psychological development, but accompany the whole history of the development of psychology. Many scientism psychologists have insight into this crisis, in order to make psychology a complete, systematic natural science, and also to prove its legitimacy. Had to resort to philosophy. Kuhn's the structure of the Scientific Revolution came out of the world of science philosophy, Both natural and social sciences have had a significant impact. Kuhn's paradigm theory provides psychologists with a model to explain the nature of the natural sciences of psychology, and many scholars have not fully understood the nature of the paradigm. This study, on the basis of fully analyzing the theory of revolution in psychology paradigm, denies that the paradigm revolution in the sense of Kuhn has taken place in psychology. On the basis of affirming the positive significance of paradigm theory to psychology, this paper analyzes several attempts to transcend paradigm theory, and puts forward a new viewpoint of transcendental paradigm theory of psychological history. What is the difference between the study of consciousness and the study of the physical world by natural science? secondly, it is proposed that psychology should be based on the construction of meta-theory to clarify the nature of psychology and the construction of its methodology. In order to achieve the theoretical identity of psychology, the study of psychology should be carried out according to its intrinsic nature and should be problem-centered rather than method-centered.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B84-09

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