工作记忆广度和反馈水平在随机序列知觉中的作用研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 01:07

本文关键词： 赌徒谬误热手谬误工作记忆广度反馈水平启发式系统　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：关于随机序列知觉中“赌徒谬误”和“热手谬误”产生的心理机制,国内外已有许多相关研究。已有的理论模型从不同的角度进行了解释,并发现了影响其产生的不同因素,如局部序列的连续性和由预测对错组成的反馈序列的调节作用等,但并未考虑工作记忆的作用。近期的研究则发现高级认知加工过程如工作记忆广度在知觉随机序列的过程中也发挥了重要作用,而并未考虑反馈在随机序列知觉中的作用。本文将进一步研究工作记忆广度在“赌徒谬误”和“热手谬误”产生过程中的作用以及反馈水平对工作记忆作用的调节。实验一,筛选不同工作记忆广度的被试,让被试对每一次硬币抛掷的结果进行预测,发现在知觉随机序列的过程中,工作记忆广度、结果序列和反馈序列存在交互作用,共同影响近因效应的产生。当序列中某个结果不连续出现,个体在结果预测时做出的是随机反应。当序列中某个结果连续出现时,低工作记忆广度被试,猜对时出现“热手谬误”,猜错时出现“赌徒谬误”;高工作记忆广度的被试,仅在猜错时出现“赌徒谬误”。实验二,通过奖励条件控制反馈序列的作用水平,发现无论工作记忆广度的高低,序列中某个结果不连续出现时,多数条件下均出现“热手谬误”。当序列中某个结果连续出现时,在高奖励条件下,猜对一次时均倾向于产生“热手谬误”,低奖励条件下,猜对一次和连续猜对时,均倾向于产生“热手谬误”。根据推理和决策的启发式系统和分析系统双系统作用理论,对于不同工作记忆广度被试在知觉随机序列过程中的差异性反应,可能是反馈水平调节了启发式系统作用的发挥。
[Abstract]:On the psychological mechanism of random sequence perception "gamblers fallacy" and "hot hand fallacy", there are many related research. The existing theoretical models are explained from different angles, and found the effects of different factors, such as local sequence continuity and by the prediction of the wrong composition of the feedback sequence the regulatory role, but did not consider the role of working memory. Recent studies have found that the high-level cognitive processes such as working memory span in the process of perception of random sequence also played an important role in, and did not consider the feedback in a random sequence in the perceived role. This paper will further study on working memory in the process of action in "gamblers fallacy" and "hot hand fallacy" and the regulating effect of feedback level on working memory. In Experiment 1, screening of different working memory span test, let the participants of each A coin toss results found in the process of perceptual prediction, random sequence, working memory span, the sequence and sequence feedback interaction, produce recency effect factors. As a result the sequence not consecutive, individual in the prediction results of random response. As a result sequence in the continuous, low working memory span test, right when "hot hand fallacy", guess wrong "gamblers fallacy"; high working memory capacity was tested, "gamblers fallacy" only in the wrong guess. In experiment two, control effect level feedback sequence through rewards, found regardless of the level of working memory span, a result of sequence discontinuity occurs, most conditions were a "hot hand fallacy". As a result in a sequence of consecutive, in high reward conditions, right time tend to produce "Hot hand fallacy", under the condition of low reward, and win a continuous right, tend to produce "hot hand fallacy". According to the double effect of heuristic reasoning and decision making system system analysis and system theory, for different working memory span were tested in random sequence differences of perception reaction process. May be the feedback level adjustment heuristic system play a role.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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