焦虑对注意网络功能和运动表现的影响：认知负荷的调节作用

发布时间：2018-02-22 22:03

本文关键词： 特质焦虑状态焦虑认知负荷注意网络功能运动表现　出处：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：焦虑会引起运动员运动表现的改变。注意控制理论认为焦虑对运动表现的影响是因为焦虑干扰了注意控制,但对特质焦虑和状态焦虑分别影响了何种注意系统并没有充分说明。注意的三重注意网络模型将注意由一个单一的概念发展为由警觉、定向和执行控制三种功能组成的系统,为更清楚地探讨焦虑对注意的影响提供了新思路。前人研究发现,焦虑对注意的影响是由于焦虑引起注意资源被分心刺激干扰所导致的。而认知负荷或许能够实现同焦虑的竞争,使注意资源不被无关信息占用,缓解焦虑的干扰作用。本研究在注意控制理论的基础上,分别探讨特质焦虑和状态焦虑对注意网络功能的影响,同时考查认知负荷是否可以调节焦虑对注意网络功能的影响,并通过模拟真实运动情境进一步检验焦虑和认知负荷对运动表现的影响。研究一探讨了特质焦虑对注意网络功能的影响,并检验认知负荷的调节作用。26名排球运动员参与实验,根据特质焦虑得分高低,将被试分为高、低特质焦虑组。使用注意网络测验测量注意网络功能(警觉、定向、执行控制),并使用N-Back任务对认知负荷进行操控。结果显示特质焦虑在注意网络功能三个指标上的主效应都不显著;高认知负荷条件下的注意网络功能效率高于低认知负荷条件;特质焦虑和认知负荷在执行控制功能上的交互作用显著:高特质焦虑组的参与者在高认知负荷条件下的执行控制功能效率高于低认知负荷条件。研究二探讨了状态焦虑对注意网络功能的影响,并检验认知负荷的调节作用。40名排球运动员参与实验。状态焦虑分为高、低两个水平,高状态焦虑情境设置使用电击和噪音两种惩罚以及限时反应、摄像等方法。使用注意网络测验测量注意网络功能,并使用N-Back任务对认知负荷进行操控。结果显示,高状态焦虑组的定向功能和执行控制功能低于低状态焦虑组;高认知负荷条件下的警觉功能和执行控制功能效率高于低认知负荷条件;状态焦虑和认知负荷的交互作用不显著。研究三分析注意网络功能与运动表现的关系,并检验竞赛状态焦虑和认知负荷对运动员运动表现的影响。24名排球运动员参与实验。运动表现使用排球发球表现(发球命中个数)作为指标,竞赛状态焦虑分为高、低两个水平,高竞赛状态焦虑情境设置使用“数字倒数计算任务”的方法,认知负荷通过双任务范式实现。结果显示,低认知负荷条件下,警觉功能和命中个数的相关较高;高认知负荷条件下,执行控制功能和命中个数的相关较高;竞赛状态焦虑和认知负荷的主效应不显著;高竞赛状态焦虑组在低认知负荷条件下的发球命中个数低于高认知负荷条件。结论:1、特质焦虑干扰目标导向的注意系统,状态焦虑干扰目标导向和刺激驱动的注意系统。2、状态焦虑干扰排球发球表现,高认知负荷可以缓解这种不利影响。3、认知负荷是焦虑影响注意网络功能和运动表现的调节变量,可以缓解特质焦虑对执行控制功能的干扰作用和状态焦虑对排球发球表现的消极影响。
[Abstract]:Anxiety can cause changes in the expression of athletes. Pay attention to the control theory that the effects of anxiety on athletic performance because of anxiety interferes with the attentional control, but the state anxiety and trait anxiety were affected what attention system is not fully explained. Three attention network model of attention will be noticed by a single concept of development by alert. Orienting and executive control system consists of three functions, to investigate the anxiety more clearly provide a new idea for the effect of attention. Previous studies found that anxiety is anxiety because of attention resources are caused by distraction stimulates the interference effects on attention and cognitive load may be able to achieve the same anxiety competition, attention resources occupied by irrelevant information, interference mitigation effect of anxiety. In this study the attention control theory on the basis of trait anxiety and state anxiety of attention network Effect of complex function, and examine whether cognitive load can modulate the effects of anxiety on the attention network, and through the simulation of real sport to further examine the effect of anxiety and cognitive load on athletic performance. The first study explores the trait anxiety of attention network influence, and test the cognitive load regulation of.26 Volleyball Athletes according to the experiment, trait anxiety scores, the subjects were divided into high and low trait anxiety group. Using the attention network test measuring attention network (alert, directional, executive control), and manipulation of the cognitive load using N-Back task. The results showed that the main effect of trait anxiety in the attention network function three indicators are not significant; attention network efficiency under high cognitive load is higher than that in low cognitive load conditions; trait anxiety and cognitive load on executive control function of the interaction Obviously, the high trait anxiety group participants in high cognitive load under the condition of executive function efficiency is higher than that of low cognitive load conditions. Two to investigate the effect of anxiety on attention network, and test the cognitive load regulation of.40 volleyball athletes to participate in the experiment. The state anxiety were divided into high and low two level high state anxiety is set using the electric shock and noise of two kind of punishment and limited response, video and other methods. Using the attention network test measuring attention network function, and control of the cognitive load using N-Back task. The results showed that the directional function and executive control function of high state anxiety group is lower than the low anxiety group; high cognitive load conditions. The alert function and executive function efficiency is higher than that of low cognitive load conditions; the interaction of state anxiety and cognitive load is not significant. Three power network analysis The relationship between energy and performance, and test the effect of.24 competition state anxiety and cognitive load on the athletes who participated in the experiment. The performance of volleyball athletes using Volleyball Serving performance (ball hit number) as the index, competition state anxiety were divided into high and low two levels, high competition state anxiety situation using the method digital countdown computing tasks ", to achieve the dual task paradigm by cognitive load. The results show that under the condition of low cognitive load, alert functions and high hit number; under high cognitive load, higher control function and hit number of execution; the main effect of competition state anxiety and cognitive load is not significant; high competition state anxiety group in low cognitive load conditions serve hit number is lower than the high cognitive load conditions. Conclusion: 1, pay attention to the system of trait anxiety interference target oriented, dry state anxiety Disturbing goal-directed and stimulus driven attentional system.2, state anxiety interference Volleyball Serving performance, high cognitive load can alleviate the adverse effects of.3, the cognitive load effect on anxiety variable function and pay attention to adjust the sports network performance, the negative effects can alleviate the performance of trait anxiety on executive control function disturbance and state anxiety of volleyball serve.

【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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