面孔加工的种族效应：加工方式和时间进程

发布时间：2018-02-24 07:11

本文关键词： 种族效应结构/特征信息面孔区域信息面孔方向信息时间进程　出处：《浙江理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人们识记本种族（own-race）面孔的成绩通常大大优于识记他种族（other-race）面孔的成绩。这个现象被称为“种族效应”（ORE，other-race effect）。目前学术界对种族效应产生的机制有很多种不同的观点。有一种观点认为，人们对不同种族面孔中的结构信息有不同程度的加工，这种差别是导致种族效应的最重要原因。另有一种观点认为，结构信息的加工和特征信息的加工都对种族效应有影响，而且这种影响是同等重要。除此以外，还有一些研究发现面孔的不同区域（上半脸和下半脸）对面孔知觉有不同程度的影响。为了理解面孔的结构信息、特征信息、区域信息在“种族效应”产生过程中的作用，检验和发展当前理论界现有的观点，我们在本论文中完成了两项研究。研究一使用本种族版本和他种族版本的面孔维度测试（FaceDimensionTest,designedbyTanaka etal.,2009），系统操控本种族（中国）面孔和他种族（高加索）面孔中的结构信息（例如，上半脸的结构信息操控是调整两眼之间的距离，下半脸的结构信息操控是调整嘴巴和鼻子之间的距离）和特征信息（例如，上半脸的特征信息操控是调整眼睛的大小，下半脸的特征信息是调整嘴巴的大小），再同时呈现两张中国面孔或两张高加索面孔，要求被试做异同判断（分辨二者相同或是不同）。实验结果显示，（1）结构信息和种族效应的关系表现出一种区域选择性：当上半脸的结构信息发生变化时，被试表现出显著的种族效应；而当下半脸的结构信息发生变化时，，被试没有表现出任何种族效应；（2）特征信息和种族效应的关系也表现出区域的差别：当上半脸的特征信息发生变化时，被试表现出显著的种族效应；而当下半脸的特征信息发生变化时，被试表现出非常不稳定的种族效应；（3）被试的种族效应对上半脸的结构信息的敏感性还表现出一种方向选择性：水平方向上的结构信息变化表现出了种族差异，但垂直方向的结构信息变化没有表现出种族差异。为了在空间性质之后再进一步理解种族效应产生的时间进程，研究二采用限时呈现的方式，设定四种时间窗口（200ms,400ms,600ms,1000ms），考察了结构信息和特征信息的变化和种族效应之间的关系。实验结果显示，结构信息加工上种族效应产生在200ms到400ms之间，特征信息加工上种族效应产生早于200ms，特征信息先于结构信息加工对种族效应的产生起作用。综上，我们认为，（1）理解种族效应不仅要关注面孔的结构信息和特征信息之分，更要关注上下半脸的空间区域差别；（2）时间上，种族效应在知觉过程的早期就已经发生了。
[Abstract]:The recognition of racial faces is usually much better than that of other faces. This phenomenon is called "racial effect" or "race effect". At present, there are many different views on the mechanism of racial effect in academic circles. One view is that, People have different degrees of processing of structural information in different ethnic faces, which is the most important reason for the racial effect. Another view is that both the processing of structural information and the processing of characteristic information have an effect on racial effects. In addition, other studies have found that different regions of the face (upper and lower face) have varying degrees of influence on face perception. In order to understand the role of structural information, characteristic information and regional information of faces in the process of "racial effect", we examine and develop the existing viewpoints of the current theoretical circle. We have completed two studies in this thesis. One is to test the face dimensions of the race version and his race version by Tanaka etal.2009, systematically manipulating the structural information in the face of the race (China) and his race (Caucasia) (for example, The structural information manipulation of the upper face is to adjust the distance between the eyes, the structural information manipulation of the lower face is to adjust the distance between the mouth and the nose, and the feature information (for example, the feature information manipulation of the upper half face is to adjust the size of the eyes). The characteristic information of the lower face is to adjust the size of the mouth and present two Chinese faces or two Caucasian faces at the same time. The results showed that the relationship between the structural information and the racial effect showed a regional selectivity: when the structural information of the upper half face changed, The subjects showed significant racial effects, and when the structural information of the present half face changed, The relationship between the characteristic information and the racial effect also showed regional differences: when the feature information of the upper half face changed, the participants showed significant racial effect; And when the feature information of the present half face changes, The sensitivity of the racial effect to the structural information of the upper face also showed a directional selectivity: the change of structural information in the horizontal direction showed racial differences. In order to further understand the time course of the racial effect after the spatial nature, the second study adopts the method of time-limited presentation. Four kinds of time windows were set up to investigate the relationship between the variation of structural information and characteristic information and the racial effect. The experimental results showed that the racial effect in the processing of structural information was between 200ms and 400ms. The racial effect in the processing of feature information is earlier than 200 ms.The characteristic information is prior to the processing of structural information and plays an important role in the generation of racial effect. In conclusion, we think that in order to understand the racial effect, we should not only pay attention to the difference between the structural information and the characteristic information of the face, but also pay attention to the spatial regional difference between the upper and lower faces.) in time, the racial effect has already occurred in the early stage of perceptual process.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.1

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