角色转变视角下退休老年人心理困境的社区干预路径研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 17:47

本文关键词： 角色转变心理困境社区干预老年人　出处：《东北财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会的进步和人口的不断增长,目前人口老龄化问题已经成为社会较为普遍关注的热点话题。老年人口增多伴随而来的是一些与老年人相关的问题,如老年人看病就医难、老年人贫困以及老年人照顾、精神慰籍和心理健康等问题。在人们物质生活不断得到满足和富足的情况下,老年人对吃饱、穿暖的关注,已远不及对吃好、穿好特别是精神文化生活丰富、心情愉快的关注,关心和关注老年人心理和精神生活、帮助老年人摆脱心理困境越来越成为政府和社会亟待破解的重要课题。很多刚退休的老年人,他们离开原来的工作岗位回到家庭中,在生活上和心理上正面临着重要的角色转换。他们的生理机能退化,心理状态低迷,这一时期非常容易出现焦虑、情绪不稳定等消极情绪。生活上的巨大改变,尤其是角色扮演上的重大变化,使他们由原来的职业角色变成了闲暇角色、由原来的主体角色变成了依赖角色,这种社会角色上的变化,给老年人日常生活带来了巨大改变,也对他们的心理上产生了巨大的冲击。他们的孤独感不断增强、心理落差增大负面情绪增多都会使他们的心理处于困境状态,而这种困境如果不能得到及时的解决将会对老年人的身心极为不利,由于老年人自身的调节能力有限、家庭成员没有时间、社会宏观政策又不能真正满足老年人的心理需要,所以我们需要一个平台帮助老年人走出心理困境,让他们有更美好的生活。社区是现代老年人居住和活动的主要场所,他们在社区中生活、娱乐,社区同老年人的日常生活密不可分,社区有责任和义务去解决老年人面临的众多问题,社区可以作为老年人与外界社会沟通的桥梁,所以将社区作为这样一个平台去帮助老年人走出心理困境、重新树立社会角色是非常可行的。本文将刚退休的老年人存在的心理困境与需求同社区服务联系起来,通过加强社区服务建设,来满足老年人生活和心理的部分需要。本文运用社会学及社会心理学的相关概念和理论,通过典型个案访谈分析法,来研究城市老年人的心态变化和心理困境,探讨老年人社会角色变化的心理特点、分析老年人心理困境产生的因素,再通过借鉴国外一些优秀的社区干预经验,进而将老年人心理困境同社区干预相结合,提出社区干预的具体对策,帮助老年人重新进行角色学习和角色树立,使他们尽快走出心理困境,尽享美好晚年生活。本文在研究内容和分析角度上具有一定新颖性。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the increasing of population, the problem of aging population has become a hot topic that the society pays more attention to. The increase of the elderly population is accompanied by some problems related to the elderly, such as the difficulty of seeing medical treatment for the elderly. Old people are poor and care for the elderly, mental comfort and mental health. With people's material life being constantly satisfied and prosperous, the elderly are far less concerned about food and clothing than they are about eating well. It is more and more important for the government and society to pay close attention to the mental and spiritual life of the old people and help them get rid of the psychological predicament. Many old people who have just retired, who leave their jobs and return to their families, are facing an important role shift in their lives and psychologically. This period is very prone to negative emotions, such as anxiety, emotional instability, etc. Great changes in life, especially in role-playing, have transformed them from their original professional roles into leisure roles. The change in the social role has brought great changes to the daily life of the elderly, and has had a tremendous impact on their psychology. Their sense of loneliness is constantly increasing. The increase of psychological gap and negative emotions will cause them to be in a difficult state of mind, which, if not solved in time, will be extremely detrimental to the body and mind of the elderly, because of their limited ability to regulate themselves. Family members do not have time, and social macro policies can not really meet the psychological needs of the elderly, so we need a platform to help the elderly out of psychological difficulties, so that they have a better life. The community is the main place where the modern elderly live and act. They live in the community, entertain, and the community is inextricably linked to the daily life of the elderly. The community has the responsibility and responsibility to solve the many problems faced by the elderly. The community can serve as a bridge between the elderly and the outside society, so use the community as such a platform to help the elderly out of their psychological predicament. It is very feasible to re-establish the social role. This paper links the psychological predicament and needs of the old people who have just retired with the community service, and through strengthening the construction of the community service, to meet the needs of the elderly people's life and psychology. In this paper, by using the relevant concepts and theories of sociology and social psychology, through the analysis of typical case interviews, we study the psychological changes and psychological difficulties of the elderly in urban areas, and discuss the psychological characteristics of the changes in the social roles of the elderly. This paper analyzes the factors of the psychological predicament of the elderly, and then through drawing lessons from some excellent experiences of community intervention abroad, combines the psychological predicament of the elderly with the intervention of the community, and puts forward the concrete countermeasures of the community intervention. In order to help the elderly to re-learn their roles and establish their roles, they can get out of their psychological predicament and enjoy a better life in old age as soon as possible. This paper has some novelty in terms of research content and analysis.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D669.3;B844.4

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