虚拟世界中化身的利他倾向性研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 22:26

本文关键词： 化身虚拟世界利他倾向性　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展和科技的进步,虚拟世界里人类的行为规律,以及线上人际互动对人类现实生活的影响越来越受到学界的重视。在虚拟的社交环境中,人们将化身视作现实自我在虚拟世界里的延伸,通过控制化身线索达成印象管理的目的,进行线上人际互动。个体的特质、爱好等将影响其化身的选择,反之,在虚拟世界里的个体也会观察化身线索,表现出符合这些线索的态度和行为。这一现象被称为虚拟世界中的普罗透斯效应。有研究发现,个体操控化身并长期沉浸于特定的虚拟情境中,将会一定程度上影响其线下行为。近年来,关于化身的研究多集中在自我认同的领域,缺乏对利他等领域的深入探讨。因此,本研究从利他领域出发,研究化身在虚拟情境中的利他倾向性。利他行为是指个体在人际交往中,做出对别人有好处,而对自己没有明显益处的自觉自愿行为。影响利他行为的因素包括求助者的个人特质和外界环境等。在线上人际互动中,个体所能获得的信息有限,结合普罗透斯效应的相关理论,在研究虚拟世界里个体的利他倾向性时应当考虑化身线索的重要作用。此外,情境对利他行为的发生也至关重要,而具有高度真实感和沉浸感的虚拟情境则给利他行为的发生提供了重要的场所,光明/黑暗情境中的利他倾向性的差异有可能延伸到线上。本研究招募男女被试共60名,通过E-prime2.0编制实验程序,模拟虚拟情境。本研究一共包括两个实验,实验一采取单因素实验设计,自变量为化身线索,包括高利他化身和低利他化身;实验二采取混合实验设计,其中化身线索、性别为被试间变量,光照强度为被试内变量。主要研究目的在于:第一,研究在虚拟世界里,操控高利他化身的被试是否比操控低利他化身的被试表现出更高的利他倾向性;第二,在实验一的研究基础上,研究在不同光照强度的虚拟世界里,光照强度、性别及化身线索之间是否存在交互作用,光照强度的主效应是否显著;第三,研究相同性别的被试在不同光照强度的虚拟情境中的利他倾向性是否存在显著差异。研究结果表明:(1)在网络虚拟情境中,使用高利他倾向化身的被试和使用低利他倾向化身的被试在利他倾向性上无显著差异,表明化身线索并不能单一影响被试在虚拟情境中的利他倾向性;(2)在网络虚拟情境中,光照强度的主效应非常显著;(3)光照强度和性别之间的交互作用显著,男性被试在黑暗情境中会表现出更高的利他倾向性,而女性被试在光明情境下则会表现出更高的利他倾向性。光照强度同性别、化身线索之间的交互作用边缘显著。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the law of human behavior in the virtual world and the influence of online interpersonal interaction on human real life have been paid more and more attention. People regard avatar as the extension of real self in virtual world, achieve the purpose of impression management by controlling avatar clues, and interact with each other online. The traits and hobbies of individuals will influence the choice of avatar. Individuals in the virtual world also observe avatar cues, showing attitudes and behaviors consistent with those cues. This phenomenon is called the Protosian effect in the virtual world. Individual manipulating avatars and immersing themselves in specific virtual situations for a long time will affect their offline behavior to a certain extent. In recent years, researches on avatars have focused on self-identification, lacking in-depth research into such fields as altruism. From the perspective of altruism, this study studies altruistic tendencies embodied in virtual situations. Altruistic behavior refers to individuals who benefit others by acting in interpersonal relationships. The factors that influence altruistic behavior include the personal characteristics of the person seeking help and the external environment, etc. In the online interpersonal interaction, the individual has limited access to information. Combined with the theory of the Protothos effect, the important role of avatar cues should be considered when studying the altruistic tendency of individuals in the virtual world. In addition, the situation is also very important to the occurrence of altruistic behavior. The virtual situation with high sense of reality and immersion provides an important place for altruistic behavior, and the difference of altruistic tendency in the light / dark situation may extend to the line. 60 male and female subjects were recruited in this study. This study consists of two experiments: one is a single-factor experimental design with independent variables as avatar clues, including high-altruistic avatars and low-altruistic avatars, and the second is a hybrid experimental design. The main purpose of this study is: first, in the virtual world, the main purpose of the study is: first, in the virtual world, Whether the subjects who control the avatar of Gaolitar are more altruistic than those who control the avatar of low altruism; second, based on the study of experiment one, we studied the light intensity in the virtual world with different light intensity. Whether there is interaction between gender and avatar cues, and whether the main effect of light intensity is significant; third, Whether there were significant differences in altruism of subjects of the same sex in virtual situations with different light intensities. The results showed that: 1) in virtual situations, There is no significant difference in altruistic tendency between the subjects who use the avatar of high altruism and those who use the avatar with low altruism, which indicates that the avatar cues can not affect the altruistic tendency of the subjects in the virtual environment alone. The main effect of light intensity was very significant. (3) the interaction between light intensity and sex was significant, and male subjects showed higher altruistic tendency in dark situations. The female subjects showed a higher altruistic tendency in the light situation. The interaction between the light intensity and the gender was significant.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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