字谜解决过程中的酝酿效应

发布时间：2018-03-06 12:06

本文选题：字谜　切入点：问题解决　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：酝酿效应是指在问题解决过程中遇到困境时,暂时将问题放在一边,进入一个酝酿阶段,而后对解决问题起到促进作用的现象。字谜是指根据谜面猜出谜底的一种汉字游戏,谜底通常为一个或者几个汉字。以往研究中,以字谜为实验材料对顿悟过程进行研究,而较少针对解决字谜本身的酝酿效应的研究。因此,本研究从如何更好的解决字谜这个角度出发,着重探讨字谜解决过程中的酝酿效应。除了探讨诸如字谜类型、字谜问题的难度、内插任务性质这些以往研究中影响酝酿效应一般因素外,研究还从个体差异的角度,探讨工作记忆容量对解决字谜的作用。实验结果如下:实验1a结果表明,字谜解决过程中,酝酿比不酝酿更好解决字谜,字谜类型对于解决字谜过程中的酝酿效应有不同影响:分解型字谜更不容易引发酝酿效应,组合型字谜更容易引发酝酿效应。实验1b结果表明酝酿期间被试完成计算题任务要比完成阅读材料任务更能引起字谜解决的酝酿效应,结果同时显示酝酿有利于解决字谜,组合型字谜比分解型字谜更容易引发酝酿效应。实验2a结果表明,在组合型字谜情况下,中等难度字谜相比高难度字谜更容易引发酝酿,个体在酝酿期间进行复杂内插任务中更有利于字谜解决过程中的酝酿;字谜难度和内插任务交互作用显著,简单效应分析表明高难度字谜在内插任务中的酝酿差异不显著,中等难度字谜在复杂任务下比在简单任务下更利于酝酿的产生,从而有效解决字谜;简单内插任务对中等难度和高难度字谜的酝酿效果差异不显著,复杂内插任务对于中等难字谜的酝酿效果显著优于高难度字谜的酝酿效果。实验2b结果表明,在分解型字谜情况下,高难度字谜相比中等难度字谜更容易引发酝酿,内插任务的复杂程度不对酝酿效应产生影响。实验3采用组合型字谜,结果表明高工作记忆容量个体比低工作记忆广度个体更容易引发酝酿,酝酿期间进行减三运算要比单纯休息更容易引发酝酿效应;工作记忆广度和酝酿方式交互作用显著,低工作记忆广度个体在两种内插任务中的字谜酝酿数量差异不显著,高工作记忆广度个体在内插任务为减三运算时的字谜酝酿数量显著高于内插任务为休息时的字谜酝酿数量。总的来说,实验1结果表明酝酿可以利于字谜解决;内插任务为计算题利于字谜解决,组合型字谜更利于出现酝酿效应。实验2结果表明中等难度组合型字谜利于引发酝酿效应;高难度分解型字谜利于引发酝酿效应;实验3结果表明高工作记忆广度个体利于产生酝酿效应,同时内插任务为减三运算时易于引发酝酿效应,实验结果支持酝酿效应的无意识理论假设。
[Abstract]:Gestation effect refers to a phenomenon in which the problem is temporarily put aside to enter a brewing stage, and then it plays a promoting role in solving the problem when it encounters a difficult situation in the process of solving a problem. A crossword puzzle is a Chinese character game that can solve a puzzle according to the riddle surface. The answer to the riddle is usually one or more Chinese characters. In previous studies, the epiphany process was studied using puzzles as experimental materials, while the gestation effects of solving puzzles were less studied. From the point of view of how to solve the puzzles better, this study focuses on the gestation effect in the process of solving the puzzles, not only on the types of puzzles, but also on the difficulty of the puzzles. In addition to the common factors that affect the gestation effect in previous studies, the effects of working memory capacity on solving puzzles are discussed from the perspective of individual differences. The experimental results are as follows: experiment 1a shows that, in the process of solving puzzles, The types of puzzles have different effects on the gestation effect in the process of solving the puzzles: the decomposed puzzles are less likely to cause the brewing effects. The results of experiment 1b showed that the gestation effect of solving puzzles was better than that of reading materials, and the results showed that brewing was beneficial to the solution of puzzles. Combinatorial puzzles are more likely to trigger brewing effects than decomposed puzzles. The results of experiment 2a show that medium difficulty puzzles are more likely to cause gestation than high-difficulty puzzles in the case of combinatorial puzzles. In the complex interpolation task during gestation, it is more favorable to solve the puzzles, and the interaction between the puzzle difficulty and the interpolation task is significant, and the simple effect analysis shows that there is no significant difference in the gestation of the high difficulty crossword puzzles. The medium difficulty crossword puzzle is more conducive to the generation of gestation than in the simple task, and the simple interpolation task has no significant difference in the brewing effect between the medium difficulty and the high difficulty crossword puzzle. The results of experiment 2b show that, in the case of decomposed crossword riddles, it is easier to initiate the brewing of high difficulty puzzles than that of medium difficulty puzzles. The complexity of the interpolation task had no effect on the gestation effect. In experiment 3, combinatorial puzzles were used. The results showed that individuals with high working memory capacity were more likely to initiate gestation than those with low working memory span. Working memory span and gestation mode of working memory span had significant interaction, and there was no significant difference in the number of puzzles brewing between the two kinds of interpolation tasks for individuals with low working memory span in the two kinds of interpolating tasks, and there was no significant difference in the number of puzzles in the two kinds of tasks. The number of puzzles brewing when the high working memory span individual interpolation task is minus three operations is significantly higher than that when the interpolation task is rest. In general, experiment 1 shows that the gestation can be helpful to solve the puzzles. The task of interpolation is to solve the puzzles, and the combinational puzzles are more conducive to the gestation effect. The results of experiment 2 show that the medium difficulty combinatorial puzzles are conducive to the gestation effect, the high difficulty decomposing puzzles are conducive to the initiation of the gestation effect. The results of experiment 3 show that individuals with high working memory span are conducive to the gestation effect, while the interpolation task is subtractive triple-operation, which is easy to trigger the gestation effect. The experimental results support the theoretical hypothesis of the gestation effect.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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