重庆市大学生创业意向、创造性人格和社会支持的关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 18:39

本文选题：大学生　切入点：创业意向　出处：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国大学招生人数的不断扩大,每年高校的毕业人数都在上涨,大学生的就业形势不容乐观；加上很多企事业单位对应聘者的要求都关注在工作经验上,使得越来越多的大学生感觉就业形势的严峻。所以大学生自主创业就尤为重要,不仅可以解决自身就业问题,同时还能创造更多的就业空间。而大学生的创业意向是他们创业行为的预测之一。多数成功的创业者具有乐观、好奇心、毅力、诚实、想象力、独立性等创造性人格特质,这些特质能很好地促使他们选择创业。创业的代价很高,是一种投入大、风险高,回报也大的职业,充满着很多不稳定与不确定性,所以创业者的社会支持也是必不可缺的外部条件。社会支持在一定程度上能促进创业者的成功。重庆是我国西部经济发展的动力与中心,更是我国第四个中央直辖市。重庆市的各类高校共有50多所,有众多的大学生群体。在近两年,为了给大学生创造更多的创业机会,重庆市先后出台了多项优惠政策,如对本地和外地大学生平等开放就业资源及就业市场、大学生自主创业小额贷款等。为此,在本研究中,我们选择重庆大学生作为研究对象进行研究,研究重庆市大学生的创业意向、创造性人格和社会支持的三者之间的关系。但是对于大学生创业研究,我国多数都集中在理论性研究上,如大学生创业教育的内容、实现途径、模式与存在问题等,但在定量或者实证性研究上较少。本研究从心理学的角度,主要采用调查法,通过实证研究对此进行探讨。研究该问题能够帮助重庆市大学生更好地理解创业,引导重庆市大学生的思考创业问题,帮助他们认识与理解创业,使他们更好地创业；了解重庆市大学生对高校创业教育的认识和需要,对创业教育存在的问题有一定了解,从而促进有关部门改善对大学生的创业教育。本研究的结果发现： (1)自编问卷中的《大学生创业意向问卷》与《社会支持问卷》,在施测中具有良好的信效度,符合心理测量学的要求,可以作为研究的测量工具。 (2)重庆大学生创业意向分为四个维度,各维度得分从高到低依次是：自我价值个人控制创业动机创业准备。 (3)重庆大学生创业意向的四个维度以及总分在性别上存在显著差异,都是男生得分高于女生。 (4)不同专业重庆大学生创业意向在四个维度以及总分上都存在显著差异,而且在四个维度和总分上,都是艺术类学生得分最高,工科类学生得分最低。 (5)不同学校重庆大学生在创业动机与个人控制维度上存在显著差异,重点大学学生高于普通大学学生；而在创业准备、自我价值和创业意向总分上两者之间的差异不显著。 (6)家庭经济状况不同的重庆大学生在创业准备上存在显著差异。家庭经济条件较好的大学生创业准备得分最高,家庭经济条件一般的大学生创业准备得分最低；在创业动机、个人控制、自我价值、创业意向总分上差异不显著。 (7)不同创业经历的重庆大学生在创业意向总分、创业动机、创业准备、个人控制和自我价值上存在显著差异。在创业意向总分、创业动机、创业准备和自我价值维度上,正在创业的大学生得分最高,没有想创业的大学生得分最低；在个人控制维度上,工作后创业的大学生得分最高,没有想创业的大学生得分最低。 (8)不同专业类别重庆大学生创造性人格在好奇性、想象力、挑战性维度以及总分上都存在显著差异。在好奇性维度上,艺术类学生得分最高,工科类学生得分最低：在想象力、挑战性维度和总分上,艺术类学生得分最高,文科类学生得分最低。 (9)家庭经济条件不同的重庆大学生在创造性人格总分和好奇性、想象力、挑战性维度上存在显著差异。在创造性人格总分、好奇性维度上,家庭经济条件较好的大学生得分最高,家庭经济条件较差的大学生得分最低；在想象力维度上,家庭经济条件很差的大学生得分最高,家庭经济条件一般的大学生得分最低；在挑战性维度上,家庭经济条件较好的大学生得分最高,家庭经济条件较差的大学生得分最低。 (10)不同创业经历的重庆大学生在创造性人格总分、好奇性、想象力、冒险性和挑战性上存在显著差异。在创造性人格总分和想象力和挑战性维度上,正在创业的大学生得分最高,没有想创业的大学生得分最低；在好奇性维度上,曾经创业的大学生得分最高,没有想创业的大学生得分最低；在冒险性维度上,工作后创业的大学生得分最高,曾经创业的大学生得分最低。 (11)重庆大学生社会支持在四个维度得分从高到低依次是：政策支持家庭支持学校支持同伴支持。 (12)重庆大学生创业意向的四个维度和总分与创造性人格的四个维度和总分存在显著的正相关。 (13)重庆大学生的创业意向总分、各维度和社会支持总分、各维度之间呈显著正相关。 (14)重庆大学生的创造性人格总分、各个维度和社会支持总分、各个维度呈显著的正相关。 (15)创造性人格在创业意向和社会支持之间起部分中介作用。
[Abstract]:As China's college enrollment continues to expand, the number of college graduates each year are on the rise, the employment situation of university students is not optimistic; and many enterprises and institutions of the applicants required attention in the work experience, more and more college students feel the severe employment situation of college students. So it is very important, not only to solve their employment problems, but also create more employment opportunities. And the entrepreneurial intentions of university students is one of the predicted their entrepreneurial behavior.
Most successful entrepreneurs are optimistic, curiosity, perseverance, honesty, imagination, independence and creative personality traits, these traits can be very good to encourage them to choose entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial cost is very high, is a big investment, high risk, high return occupation, filled with a lot of instability and uncertainty. So the Entrepreneur Social support is essential to external conditions. Social support can promote the entrepreneurial success to a certain extent.
Chongqing is the center of power and development in Western China, is China's fourth municipalities directly under the central government. Chongqing's total of more than 50 colleges and universities, there are many groups of college students. In the past two years, in order to create more business opportunities for college students, the city of Chongqing has introduced a number of preferential policies, such as the local and foreign students equal employment resources and employment market, college students entrepreneurial microfinance. Therefore, in this study, we studied the college students in Chongqing as the research object, the research of Chongqing city college students entrepreneurial intention, the relationship between the three creative personality and social support.
But for the study of entrepreneurship, China mainly focused on the theoretical study, such as college students' entrepreneurship education content, means, mode and existing problems, but in less quantitative or empirical research. This research from the angle of psychology, mainly using the method of investigation, through the empirical research of the research Chongqing could help students better understanding of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship guidance thinking of college students in Chongqing City, to help them understand and make them a better understanding of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship; understanding and needs of Chongqing City College Students Entrepreneurship Education in high school, have a certain understanding of the problems of entrepreneurship education, so as to promote the relevant departments to improve entrepreneurship education on college students.
The results of this study found that:
(1) self compiled questionnaire of College Students' entrepreneurial intention and social support questionnaire had good reliability and validity in the survey, which accorded with the requirements of psychometrics and could be used as a measuring tool for research.
(2) the entrepreneurial intention of college students in Chongqing is divided into four dimensions. The order of each dimension from high to low is the following: self value individual controls the preparation of entrepreneurial motivation.
(3) there are significant differences between the four dimensions of the entrepreneurial intention of Chongqing college students and the total score of their total scores, all of which are higher than those of the girls.
(4) there are significant differences in four dimensions and total scores among different majors in Chongqing, and in four dimensions and total scores, art students scored the highest and engineering students scored the lowest.
(5) there are significant differences between college students in different schools in terms of entrepreneurial motivation and personal control dimension. The key university students are higher than those of ordinary university students, but there is no significant difference in entrepreneurial preparation, self worth and total score of entrepreneurial intentions in Chongqing.
(6) the economic situation of the family of Chongqing college students have significant differences in Entrepreneurship preparation. The family economic conditions good entrepreneurship for the highest score, the lowest score for college students entrepreneurship and family economic conditions in general; control of the individual in the entrepreneurial motivation, self value, the difference of entrepreneurial intention scores is not significant.
(7) the different entrepreneurial experience of college students in Chongqing entrepreneurial intention scores, entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial, there are significant differences in personal control and self value. The entrepreneurial intention scores, entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial preparation and self value, the highest scores are college students, do not think of college students scored lowest in personal control; the dimension of the highest score, after the work of college students, did not want to start college students scored in the lowest.
(8) different professional categories of Chongqing college students' creative personality in curiosity, imagination, challenge, there is obvious difference of dimensions and total score. In a curious dimension, art students scored the highest, lowest score in engineering students: imagination, challenging dimensions and total score, the highest score of art students, liberal arts the students had the lowest score.
(9) the family economic conditions of different Chongqing college students' imagination in creative personality scores and curiosity, and there are significant differences on the dimensions of the challenge. The creative personality scores, curious dimension, the score of college students better family economic conditions, family economic conditions of poor college students scored lowest in imagination; dimensions, the highest score of the family the economic conditions of poor college students, family economic conditions in general students scored in the lowest; in challenging dimension, the score of college students better family economic conditions, family economic conditions of poor college students scored in the lowest.
(10) the different entrepreneurial experience of college students in Chongqing creative personality scores, curiosity, imagination, there are significant differences in risk and challenge. In creative personality scores and imaginative and challenging dimension, the highest scores are college students, do not think of college students the lowest score; in the curious dimension, the highest score once the college students want to start, no students scored in the lowest; the adventure in the dimension, the highest score after the work of college students, college students have the lowest score.
(11) the order of Chongqing college students' social support in four dimensions from high to low is the following: policy support family support school support peer support.
(12) there is a significant positive correlation between the four dimensions and total score of the entrepreneurial intention of Chongqing college students and the four dimensions and total scores of creative personality.
(13) the total score of entrepreneurial intention of Chongqing college students, the dimensions of each dimension and the total score of social support, there is a significant positive correlation between the dimensions of each dimension.
(14) the total score of creative personality of Chongqing college students, the dimensions of each dimension and the total score of social support are significant positive correlation.
(15) creative personality plays a part of mediating role between entrepreneurial intention and social support.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.2

【参考文献】